Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Gwilliams

• Decision Date: 19 November 1934
• Docket Number: Nos. 4-3579, 4-3580.,s. 4-3579, 4-3580.
• Citation: 76 S.W.2d 65
• Parties: GREAT ATLANTIC & PACIFIC TEA CO. v. GWILLIAMS et al.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

76 S.W.2d 65

GREAT ATLANTIC & PACIFIC TEA CO. v. GWILLIAMS et al.

Nos. 4-3579, 4-3580.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

November 19, 1934.

Appeal from Circuit Court, Hempstead County; Dexter Bush, Judge.

Actions by Norma Jean Gwilliams, a minor, by Eva Gwilliams, her next friend, and another, against the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, as consolidated. From a judgment for plaintiffs, defendant appeals.

Reversed and remanded.

King, Mahaffey, Wheeler & Bryson, of Texarkana, Tex., for appellant.

Carrigan & Monroe, of Hope, for appellees.

BAKER, Justice.

These two cases were consolidated for the purpose of trial, resulting in judgments for the plaintiff Norma Jean Gwilliams, a minor, by Eva Gwilliams, her next friend, and the plaintiff Bobby Joyce Gwilliams, a minor, by R. L. Gwilliams, her next friend, and from these judgments in favor of plaintiffs defendant, the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, has appealed. A very short statement of the pleadings will suffice in these cases, as the facts will be set forth somewhat at length. The reason for so doing is that the sole question to be determined in each case is whether the facts, as proven, are such as to justify the judgments rendered.

The complaint in each case alleges: That the servants and employees in charge of the retail grocery store at Hope sold to R. T. Gwilliams, the grandfather of the two children, some cheese; that at the time of the purchase Gwilliams asked for a pound of cheese that would be fresh, wholesome, and nutritious, when in fact such cheese was, at the time of the sale, spoiled, contaminated, and poison, and wholly unfit for human consumption, and that the servants and employees knew at the time of the sale of the cheese, or should have known, in the exercise of ordinary care, that said cheese was spoiled, contaminated, and unfit for human consumption. That it was not fresh, wholesome, and nutritious as represented. That the appellant failed to exercise ordinary care in properly keeping and preserving the cheese.

That the two appellees, who ate some of the cheese, suffered from ptomaine poisoning for weeks, and that the health of each of them was permanently impaired, etc.

The evidence offered was to the effect that R. T. Gwilliams, his wife, his daughter, Eva Gwilliams, and her daughter, Norma Jean Gwilliams, about sixteen months old, drove from their home, about five miles, to Hope, at which place, just before leaving for their home, R. T. Gwilliams purchased from the appellant a pound of cheese; that Mr. Gwilliams asked Mr. Daniels, who sold him the cheese, if he had some good cheese, and that the latter replied, "Yes, I have some good cheese"; that he then told Mr. Daniels to cut off a pound, which was wrapped by Daniels in paper; that Daniels cut the cheese with a butcher knife; that the purchase was made about 12 o'clock on Monday. Gwilliams and his family ate some of the cheese on the road to their home. Norma Jean Gwilliams, about sixteen months old, was given some of the cheese. After reaching the home, Bobby Joyce Gwilliams, another grandchild, about three years old, who lived a short distance away, came to the house of the grandfather about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and the two children ate what was then left of the cheese; that about 6 o'clock in the afternoon Bobby Joyce Gwilliams was taken ill, was picked up by the grandmother, and was apparently very sick. Her father came for her and took her home fifteen or twenty minutes later. The other child, Norma Jean Gwilliams, was taken ill, and just as they were about to eat supper she commenced to vomit as had the older child, Bobby Joyce. An examination of the vomit disclosed undigested portions or small particles of the cheese. Dr. Hilton was sent for and came about two hours later and treated the children. They soon recovered from the violence of the attack. The wife and daughter ate some of the cheese, and complained that it made their throats sore. The children have not been well since they ate the cheese, have not grown, although it has been a year since the cheese was eaten by them. Prior to that time they were healthy and strong. The health of both has been impaired. Gwilliams further testified on cross-examination that he lived about five and one-half miles from Hope; that he got to Hope about 10 o'clock and went in a wagon; that they had breakfast that morning before they left home; does not remember what the baby, Norma Jean, had for breakfast; was in Hope about two hours before the purchase of the cheese. His wife had bought some crackers; only ate them when he bought the cheese. He saw the cheese and paid little attention to it. It looked all right. Did not know about it being fresh because they did not examine it. The piece of cheese was cut from a larger piece weighing five or six pounds. At the time the cheese was given to the baby, he did not suppose he paid any attention to it, he was driving and did not look around. His wife ate a little bit and he ate a little bit himself as they were going home; that he ate some crackers; that when he got home he had dinner, did not recollect what they had; did not think the baby ate that day; that it was still nursing, and ate very little at any time; that Bobby Joyce had eaten dinner at home before she came there; it was about 3 o'clock when the children ate the cheese at witness' home. They were on the back gallery or in the kitchen. Perhaps they went out in the yard before they ate it. They were given what they wanted of it. Did not know how much Norma Jean ate, but saw her eat it, but she had a very little bit on the way home from Hope. Was not certain whether or not she ate dinner.

Mrs. Etta Gwilliams testified that she was the grandmother of the children, and also testified substantially to the same facts that her husband had related, stating, however, somewhat more definitely the fact that the small child, Norma Jean, ate a very small portion of the cheese on the way home and that they arrived there about 2:30 or 3 o'clock; that the cheese was eaten because of the fact that they knew they would get hungry before they got home; that Bobby Joyce and Norma Jean both ate of the cheese after they reached home. The witness cut a piece or two and divided it for the children and they ate it. There was not a great deal left when they got home. She further testified that they did not have crackers, but she had bought two packages of light bread rolls or biscuits; that Norma Jean ate a little of this bread before they reached home; that she unwrapped the cheese and did not see anything wrong with it. If she had, she would not have eaten it. It looked nice and tasted all right, though she said she paid but little attention to it; that at the time she divided the cheese for the children she unwrapped it and there was not a great deal of it left; that she split a big piece of cheese in two and gave a piece to each child. The piece given to the little baby was not very large. Bobby Joyce did not eat dinner at their house, because she had eaten her dinner at home. The witness testified that she herself had eaten somewhat more of the cheese than the others, and at about 3 o'clock her mouth felt like it was scalded, and that she got sick at her stomach.

Eva Gwilliams testified that she was the mother of Norma Jean, and that they left Hope between 11 and 12 o'clock, or about noon; that her father had bought the cheese and they all ate of the cheese as they were going home; that they made the trip in a wagon. She said they began tasting the cheese right after they got out of town; that she fed her baby, but did not feed it very much, just a little piece. It did not eat very much. She also said that they did not eat when they got home, or until they fixed supper, but that the children ate some of the cheese. She testified further that she was made sick, that her throat got sore, and that she ate only a small piece of the cheese. On the trip home they did not have any knife to cut the cheese with, but broke it off with their fingers and ate it; that the cheese looked all right and tasted like other cheese; that she never ate anything but nice fresh cheese, and that this cheese looked nice and fresh; that she would not have given it to the baby if it had not looked that way; that they gave to the babies three crackers apiece, and they ate the crackers with the cheese; that she and her mother got sick about the same time.

Dr. Hilton, the physician who was called to treat the children, testified that he found the children to be nauseated and vomiting and suffering from dizziness, that they had turned purple and looked and acted like they had symptoms of the cramps; that after the little girl had vomited she would drop off in a comatose or sleepy condition; that her heart was irregular; that he did not make a chemical examination of the substances seen by him which the children had vomited; that all he saw was film or phlegm with little pieces of cheese; that the children's mouths and throats were corroded; that this condition was attributable to poison; that it was his opinion that the cause of this corroded condition was ptomaine poison caused from the cheese, if that was all that was eaten.

Dr. Martindale also testified that he treated the children; that they had been taken sick, and some days later they were brought to his office; that he examined them and found that they had sore mouths and tongues; that their throats were irritated and tender, gums swollen and throats very sore; stomachs bloated. It was his opinion that ptomaine poison caused the condition. He also said that cheese was not the best food for very young people, but, if good, cheese was not apt to set up irritation of the stomach, such as these children suffered.

Dr. Joe Ellis Tyson, on behalf of the appellant, testified that young people are unable to assimilate cheese; that the digestive secretions are not able to break it down; that this fact...