Greathouse v. Charter Nat. Bank-Southwest, BANK-SOUTHWES

• Decision Date: 07 June 1990
• Docket Number: BANK-SOUTHWES,A,No. 01-89-01224-CV,01-89-01224-CV
• Citation: 795 S.W.2d 1
• Parties: 13 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 285 Carolyn GREATHOUSE, Independent Executrix of the Estate of Clyde R. Greathouse, Deceased, Appellant, v. CHARTER NATIONALppellee. (1st Dist.)
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 1

795 S.W.2d 1

13 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 285

Carolyn GREATHOUSE, Independent Executrix of the Estate of Clyde R. Greathouse, Deceased, Appellant, v. CHARTER NATIONAL BANK-SOUTHWEST, Appellee.

No. 01-89-01224-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas,

Houston (1st Dist.).

June 7, 1990.

Rehearing Denied Aug. 16, 1990.

Robert B. Truelson, II, Houston, for appellant.

Gary L. McConnell, Angelton, for appellee.

Before DUGGAN, WARREN and HUGHES, JJ.

OPINION

DUGGAN, Justice.

Carolyn Greathouse, independent executrix of the estate of Clyde R. Greathouse, deceased ("Greathouse"), appeals from a judgment holding the estate liable to Charter National Bank-Southwest for the unpaid portion of a promissory note, interest, and attorneys' fees. We affirm.

In January 1984, Charter National Bank-Southwest ("Charter") loaned Forrest Allen & Associates, Inc. ("Forrest") $280,000 and required Forrest to make a promissory note. The loan was secured by assignments of insurance policies, accounts receivable, furniture, and fixtures, and was personally guaranteed by Clyde R. Greathouse, Forrest's registered agent. After an extension, the loan was due in March 1985. When Forrest defaulted, Charter sold the collateral for $100,000, and used the proceeds to reduce the indebtedness. A deficiency of $151,824.95 remained.

In July 1985, Charter sued Forrest and Clyde Greathouse for the deficiency. Charter's first amended original petition included a copy of the promissory note and the guarantee agreement, and alleged

[A]ll conditions precedent have been performed or have occurred. All just and lawful credits, payments and offsets have been allowed.

The foreclosure sale was not mentioned further in any pleading. Greathouse filed a general denial. ¹ The case was tried to the court on Charter's amended petition and Greathouse's general denial. At trial, a Charter employee testified to the existence of the loan agreement and the amount of the deficiency. The employee did not have first-hand knowledge of the foreclosure sale. Consequently, Greathouse moved for judgment on grounds that the bank had not proved the commercial reasonableness of the foreclosure sale. The motion was denied. On August 24, 1989, the court awarded Charter $151,824.95, plus $77,733.33 prejudgment interest and $23,300 in attorneys' fees. Greathouse's counsel received notice of the judgment on September 5 and asked the court to make findings of fact and conclusions of law. Greathouse also moved for a new trial, based on insufficient evidence. The court denied Greathouse's late request for fact findings and denied the motion for new trial.

Greathouse raises two interrelated points of error.

First, Greathouse maintains that the court erroneously denied her motion for verdict because Charter did not specifically plead and prove that the collateral was sold in a commercially reasonable manner. Alternatively, Greathouse maintains that if the court made an implied finding the sale was commercially reasonable, there was no evidence to do so. Greathouse claims that Tanenbaum v. Economics Laboratory, Inc., 628 S.W.2d 769 (Tex.1982), requires a secured creditor to specifically plead and prove that it held a commercially reasonable foreclosure sale and that it gave notice before it can win a deficiency judgment. Tanenbaum, however, does not address the procedural aspect of foreclosure sales, as evidenced by a split of authority among the several appellate courts.

A secured party can sell collateral after a default, but must proceed in a commercially reasonable manner and notify the debtor of the sale. TEX.BUS. & COM.CODE ANN. § 9.504(c) (Vernon Supp.1990) (Tex.U.C.C.). The Code does not place the procedural burden of proof. Absent a black-letter rule, the courts of appeals have differed on the issue of which party must plead and prove commercial reasonableness and notice. ²

Having reviewed the decisions in light of basic rules of civil pleading, we find that the duty to plead (not prove) lack of notice and commercial reasonableness initially rests with the debtor. If the debtor specifically alleges a lack of commercial reasonableness or a lack of notice, then the creditor must go forward with his burden of proof. See Sunjet, 703 S.W.2d at 288 ("our holding is in conformity with this majority rule that the burden is upon the secured party seeking a deficiency judgment to prove the commercial reasonableness of his disposition of the collateral, at least where, as here, the debtor has asserted lack of commercial reasonableness") (emphasis added). Such an approach informs a creditor which areas (if any) are disputed and which items of proof must be produced; it does not allow a creditor to avoid proving its case. Here, Greathouse never challenged the commercial reasonableness of the foreclosure sale in the trial court, leaving the bank unaware of the proof needed to rebut such objections. Had Greathouse specifically objected to the sale price or to the integrity of the sale, for example, the bank would have known which witnesses and experts it should present to attempt to...