Guaranty Nat. Bank v. Mitchell, 11011
Decision Date | 08 December 1959 |
Docket Number | No. 11011,11011 |
Citation | 111 S.E.2d 494,144 W.Va. 828 |
Court | West Virginia Supreme Court |
Parties | GUARANTY NATIONAL BANK, etc., Committee for Pearl Barrick Steele, v. W. T. MITCHELL et al., Executors, etc. |
Syllabus by the Court.
1. The federal estate tax is a tax imposed on the transfer of ane state, not on a right to receive a definite or particular distributive share thereof.
2. The devolution of an estate against which a federal estate tax has been imposed is governed by the laws of the individual state, not by federal statutes.
3. The widow of a decedent who has renounced a will pursuant to provisions of Code, 42-3-1, is entitled to one third of the net personal estate, computed after deducting any federal estate tax and other deductions authorized by law.
Parsons, Baker & Tyson, W. E. Parsons, E. V. Parsons, Huntington, for appellant.
F. Paul Chambers, Jackson, Kelly, Holt & O'Farrell, Charleston, Claude A. Joyce, W. Guy Wilson, Logan, J. C. Calhoun, Charleston, for appellees.
GIVEN, President.
There is involved on this appeal, from the Circuit Court of Logan County, a single issue, whether a widow who has renounced a will, pursuant to provisions of Code, 42-3-1, is entitled to receive her distributive share of the personal estate of the decedent free of the assessment or burden of the federal estate tax imposed by Section 2001, Title 26 U.S.C., which, insofar as material, reads: 'A tax computed in accordance with the following table is hereby imposed on the transfer of the taxable estate, determined as provided in section 2051, of every decedent, citizen or resident of the United States dying after the date of enactment of this title'. The circuit court decreed that the widow 'is entitled to receive, upon distribution of said estate, one-third (1/3) of the surplus assets thereof after payment of all debts, taxes, administrative expenses, funeral expenses and Federal Estate Taxes and less the State Inheritance Taxes due on or respecting said distributive share of Pearl Barrick Steele in the Estate of L. E. Steele, deceased'. We are of the opinion that the issue was correctly resolved by the circuit court.
Plaintiff, committee of the widow, contends that applicable sections of the federal statute, Title 26 U.S.C. § 2056 et seq., relating to deductions from the gross estate, establish an intention of the Congress to relieve a widow of the impact or thrust of the tax, in an effort to equalize the burden of the tax as between citizens of a state wherein the 'community property' principle is applied, and citizens of those states not recognizing that principle, and that the circuit court erred in holding that the widow's distributive share in the personal estate should be determined after deducting from the gross estate the federal estate tax, in holding that the statutes of the State of West Virginia governed the distribution of the estate, and in not applying the rule of equitable apportionment.
In Riggs v. Del Drago, 317 U.S. 95, 63 S.Ct. 109, 110, 87 L.Ed. 106, the Court said: . See Harrison v. Northern Trust Co., 317 U.S. 476, 63 S.Ct. 361, 87 L.Ed. 407; Young Men's Christian Association of Columbus, Ohio v. Davis, 264 U.S. 47, 44 S.Ct. 291, 68 L.Ed. 558; Morgan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 309 U.S. 78, 626, 60 S.Ct. 424, 84 L.Ed. 585, 1035. These and many other cases make it clear that the federal estate tax imposed is a tax on the right to transfer property, not a tax on the right to receive property, and that the question of the thrust or impact of the tax is a question of state law, and is computed according to the law of the individual state.
In Central Trust Company v. James, 120 W.Va. 611, 199 S.E. 881, we held: 'In determining the base for the application of the inheritance tax rates under Article 11 of Chapter 11 of the Code of West Virginia there should be deducted, inter alia, from the value of the property involved, the amount of the transmission tax, sometimes called estate tax, levied and collected by the federal government.' In the opinion the Court points out that the federal estate tax 'is on the right to transmit' property, not the right to receive property, and states that
In Cuppett v. Neilly, W.Va., 105 S.E.2d 548, 552 we held: In the opinion the Court said: ...
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Glover's Estate, In re
...leaving it to the states to determine how the burden shall be distributed and upon whom the impact shall fall.' In Guaranty National Bank v. Mitchell, W.Va., 111 S.E.2d 494, the court refused to recognize the widow's contention that the marital deduction affected the determination of her di......
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Garcia's Estates, In re
...641, 648, 38 A.L.R.2d 961 (1953); Wachovia Bank & Trust Co. v. Green, 236 N.C. 654, 73 S.E.2d 879 (1953); Guaranty National Bank v. Mitchell, 144 W.Va. 828, 111 S.E.2d 494 (1959). Some decisions have held that there would be equitable apportionment as to non-probate assets, without deciding......
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