Guild v. U.S., 81-4317

• Decision Date: 24 August 1982
• Docket Number: No. 81-4317,81-4317
• Citation: 685 F.2d 324
• Parties: Cuesta La Honda GUILD, a California corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 324

685 F.2d 324

Cuesta La Honda GUILD, a California corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 81-4317.

United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.

Argued and Submitted May 13, 1982.

Decided Aug. 24, 1982.

Douglas S. McGlashan, Law Offices of Douglas S. McGlashan, San Mateo, Cal., for plaintiff-appellant.

Patrick Ramirez S. Bupara, Asst. U. S. Atty., San Francisco, Cal., for defendant-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

Before SWYGERT, Senior Circuit Judge, ¹ and KENNEDY and ALARCON, Circuit Judges.

SWYGERT, Senior Circuit Judge.

Cuesta La Honda Guild ("the Guild") is a nonprofit homeowners association that provides water to its members in a rural area of San Mateo County. The Guild asked the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ("SCS") for aid in building a water storage dam and reservoir. The SCS surveyed possible sites, performed foundation analyses, and prepared a topographic survey. Based upon its investigation, the SCS recommended a site for the dam and reservoir. In addition, SCS made a design for the dam and reservoir and prepared construction plans and specifications.

The reservoir was built and filled, but the dam failed. SCS's study concluded that the failure resulted from deficiencies in its underlying investigation and its resulting design plans and specifications. The reservoir is a complete loss and must be restored at considerable expense.

The Guild sued the United States which moved to dismiss on the ground that the misrepresentation exception of 28 U.S.C. § 2680(h) barred the claim. ² The district court granted summary judgment for the United States on the basis of the misrepresentation exception. This appeal followed. The only issue is whether the misrepresentation exception applies on these facts.

I

On the one hand, the Government observes that any misrepresentation involves some underlying negligence. It argues that the plaintiff is focusing on the underlying negligence instead of on the fact that the Guild relied to its detriment on misinformation communicated by the Government. On the other hand, the plaintiff points out that any negligence action can be characterized as one for misrepresentation because any time a person does something he explicitly or implicitly represents that he will do the thing non-negligently. The Guild argues that the Government is focusing on that fact instead of on the fact that the Government negligently performed the operations it voluntarily undertook.

The key distinction in this area is between the performance of operational tasks and the communication of information. The Government is liable for injuries resulting from negligence in performance of operational tasks even though misrepresentations are collaterally involved. It is not liable, however, for injuries resulting from commercial decisions made in reliance on government misrepresentations. Preston v. United States, 596 F.2d 232, 238 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 915, 100 S.Ct. 228, 62 L.Ed.2d 169 (1979); Green v. United States, 629 F.2d 581, 584-85 (9th Cir. 1980).

This circuit has held that the failure of a government doctor to warn of risks attendant to surgery does not constitute an action for misrepresentation. We noted that improper diagnosis may collaterally involve misrepresentations in that the doctor communicates his diagnosis to the patient and implicitly represents that the diagnosis is correct. Nonetheless, the action is for negligent performance. Ramirez v. United States, 567 F.2d 854, 857 (9th Cir. 1977). See also Ware v. United States, 626 F.2d 1278 (5th Cir. 1980) (negligence action when farmer's cattle destroyed because of government's misdiagnosis of cattle as tubercular). Similarly, in Neal v. Bergland, 646 F.2d 1178 (6th Cir. 1981), the Government negligently inspected and supervised the construction of the plaintiff's house. The court held that this was not a misrepresentation; rather, the claim was for the failure of the Government to use due care in performing an operational task.

The misrepresentation exception applies to claims for damages resulting from commercial decisions based upon false or inadequate...