Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Dees

• Decision Date: 20 October 1914
• Docket Number: Case Number: 3623
• Citation: 1914 OK 508,143 P. 852,44 Okla. 118
• Court: Oklahoma Supreme Court
• Parties: GULF, C. & S. F. RY. CO. v. DEES et al.

1914 OK 508

143 P. 852

44 Okla. 118

GULF, C. & S. F. RY. CO. v. DEES et al.

Case Number: 3623

Supreme Court of Oklahoma

Decided: October 20, 1914

Syllabus

¶0 1. RAILROADS--Injury to Trespasser--Liability of Company. It is the general rule that a railroad company is not liable for injuries to a trespasser on its property, in the absence of willfulness, wantonness, or gross negligence.

2. SAME--Climbing Between Cars--Contributory Negligence. To pass under or between the cars of a train, which one knows, or ought to know, is liable to move at any moment, or between cars to one of which a train in full view is about to couple, is an act of gross negligence, unless the person attempting it is assured by some one in authority that it is safe to do so.

3. SAME--Crossing Between Cars--Negligence. There is no obligation resting on a train crew to assume or anticipate that some one will take the risk of crossing between the cars of the train, and unless it can be shown that the crew knew that some one was doing so, and moved the train in spite of that fact, the railroad company will not be liable for one so injured.

Cottingham & Bledsoe, Chas. H. Woods, and Geo. M. Green, for plaintiff in error.

W. N. Lewis and Blanton & Andrews, for defendants in error.

BREWER, C.

¶1 As plaintiff below, Mrs. Lou Dees sued the railway company for the alleged negligent injury of her husband which resulted in his death. The injury occurred at the town of Davis, Okla., where the defendant railway runs north and south through the western portion of the town. Main street runs east and west across the tracks about 25 feet north of the depot, which is situated on the east side of the main line of the road. The stock pens are situated 300 or 400 feet south-wardly from the depot, and on the west side of the main line. Besides the main line of track, there are two or three side tracks west of it and one east of it, which also run east of the depot. From Main street, just north of the depot, to a point a considerable distance south of the stock pens, there is no street crossing over the tracks. In former years a street extended across the tracks just north of the stock pens, but long prior to this accident this street had been closed by the city council upon the building of a new depot and the rearrangement by the railway of its switching yard. Shortly prior to his injury the deceased had made arrangements to ship his household effects and live stock to California. His goods had been put in a box car standing on a side track in the vicinity of Main street. His live stock was to be loaded from the stock pens into a car which the agent had promised him would be set about noon that day. There had been some delay in setting out the car, and in the afternoon the deceased was promised that it would be set by a through freight which was expected. The through freight came in from the north on the main line and stopped, with its engine about 150 yards south of the stock pens, and its caboose about flush with the south side of Main street at the depot. There were two or three strings of box cars standing on the side tracks between the main line, with the through train on it, and the stock pens. The deceased and a man named Phillips, being at the stock pens waiting for their car, became impatient and started to the depot to investigate the matter. Instead of going up the west side of the tracks to Main street and crossing over to the depot, they started across the yards, went around some cars on the first track, and, climbing through a string of coupled cars on the second tracks, zigzagged to where they could climb between the cars on the third track, and then undertook to climb between the cars of the through freight on the main line, to which a live engine was coupled. Phillips succeeded in getting through, feeling the cars move just as he cleared from between them. The deceased, who was behind him and on the couplers, had his foot caught by a slight movement of the train, which backed up a few feet to take up the slack preparatory to leaving. Some days after the injury plaintiff's husband died because of it. The railway defended under a general denial of negligence, and upon the theory the deceased was a trespasser, that his position at the time of his injury was unknown to the train crew, and that under these circumstances it owed him no duty. The plaintiff undertook to show that the deceased was not a trespasser, by showing that pedestrians were in the habit of crossing defendant's tracks just north of the stock pens, where the old street had formerly crossed the right of way, and later prevailed upon the court to instruct the jury relative to when a person would be a licensee, and the duty of the defendant in such case. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for $ 2,000, the amount sued for, and the defendant brings the case here for review, upon numerous assignments of error, which it will be perhaps unnecessary to discuss in detail. We have studied the facts developed in this case with much care, and we have been unable to find any theory of the law, applied to the facts proven, under which the defendant would be liable. If the defendant had known, at the time it slightly moved its train, that the deceased was passing between its cars, and thus in a position of danger, a very different situation would be presented, involving principles of law not here involved. But this record is barren of such proof. If this had been an accident to a pedestrian at a crossing, and there had been sufficient proof that pedestrians for a long time had been crossing defendant's tracks at the place, continuously and in large numbers, and that the defendant knew of same, or that the circumstances were such as to impute knowledge, then the company would have been under the duty of looking out for persons, and of reasonably expecting them to be at such place; and the rules applying as between a carrier and a naked trespasser would be modified. But such is not this case. And even if the facts would make a person crossing the tracks what is called a licensee, such implied license would not extend ordinarily to one who attempted to pass over the coupling of cars in a train to which a live engine is attached. In this case the deceased was not injured at the place where it is claimed he had an implied license to cross the tracks. The record shows that he proceeded in a zigzag course from the stock pens, in the direction, but rather diagonally, of the depot,...