Guminski v. THE ARIZONA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL EXAMINING BOARD

• Citation: 201 Ariz. 180,33 P.3d 514
• Decision Date: 16 October 2001
• Docket Number: No. 1 CA-CV 00-0446.,1 CA-CV 00-0446.
• Parties: Barbara J. GUMINSKI, D.V.M., a single woman, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The ARIZONA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL EXAMINING BOARD, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeals of Arizona

33 P.3d 514

201 Ariz. 180

Barbara J. GUMINSKI, D.V.M., a single woman, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The ARIZONA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL EXAMINING BOARD, Defendant-Appellee.

No. -0446.

Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 1, Department E.

October 16, 2001.

The Cohen Law Firm, by Larry J. Cohen, Phoenix, Attorneys for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Janet Napolitano, The Attorney General, by Marc H. Harris, Assistant Attorney General, Phoenix, Attorneys for Defendant-Appellee.

OPINION

THOMPSON, Judge.

¶ 1 Appellant Barbara J. Guminski (Guminski) filed a complaint for judicial review of an administrative agency decision rendered against her. Guminski appeals from the trial court's dismissal of her untimely complaint. For the reasons explained herein, we affirm the trial court's ruling.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶ 2 Guminski is a veterinarian licensed to practice veterinary medicine in Arizona. Pursuant to a complaint filed against Guminski with the Arizona State Veterinary Medical Examining Board (the Board) concerning her treatment of a cat, the Board conducted an informal interview with Guminski as authorized by Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) § 32-2234(A)(1992)¹ and R3-11-902 of the Arizona Administrative Code (A.A.C.). Guminski attended the hearing alone, although she was advised of her right to counsel.

¶ 3 As a result of the informal interview, the Board on May 25, 1999, issued findings of fact, conclusions of law, and an order placing Guminski on probation for one year and imposing various terms of probation. The order advised Guminski that pursuant to A.R .S. § 32-2234 and A.A.C. R3-11-904, she had the right to seek rehearing of the Board's decision by filing a written petition within twenty days of service of the order.²

¶ 4 Guminski, through counsel, filed a timely request for rehearing with the Board. On August 24, 1999, the Board notified Guminski and her counsel by certified letter that it had denied the request for rehearing, finding no grounds upon which to grant the request. In the final paragraph of its letter, the Board pointed out that the request for rehearing had stayed the original order, but that, with this ruling, the order would now take effect. The letter also stated that "[d]ecisions of the Board are subject to Judicial Review pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes, Title 12, Chapter 7, Article 6."

¶ 5 Instead of filing a complaint for judicial review in superior court, Guminski's counsel filed a request for "reconsideration of the Board's decision denying the Petition for Rehearing" with the Board on August 31, 1999. On October 29, 1999, the Board sent written notification to Guminski and her counsel that it had considered the request for reconsideration at its monthly meeting on October 20, 1999, but had declined to reconsider it.

¶ 6 On November 29, 1999, Guminski filed her complaint for judicial review of the administrative decision entered on May 25, 1999, and from the Board's rulings on her subsequent motions. The board filed a motion to dismiss. The trial court dismissed Guminski's complaint as untimely, finding that the forty-day time period in which to request judicial review had begun to run when Guminski's request for rehearing was denied on August 24, 1999. Guminski appeals to this court from the trial court's entry of formal judgment dismissing her complaint.

DISCUSSION

¶ 7 At issue is whether the trial court correctly determined that Guminski's complaint for judicial review of the administrative decision sanctioning her was untimely. The court determined that the time began to run when her request for rehearing was denied on August 24, 1999, and therefore her complaint was untimely when it was filed on November 29, 1999. Guminski claims that she was entitled by law to file a request for reconsideration of the denial of rehearing and that the time for filing the complaint began to run when her request for reconsideration was denied on October 29, 1999. Alternatively, she contends that the facts are such that the Board should be estopped from asserting that the superior court is precluded from reviewing the administrative decision.

¶ 8 The parties acknowledge, and we agree, that the trial court's ruling essentially was a determination that it lacked jurisdiction to consider the complaint for judicial review. As noted by our supreme court in Knape v. Brown, 86 Ariz. 158, 159, 342 P.2d 195, 195 (1959), an action for judicial review of an administrative decision is "in the nature of an appeal." It has long been held that the right to appeal from any ruling including an administrative decision exists only by force of statute and is limited by the terms of the statute. Ariz. Comm'n of Agric. & Hortic. v. Jones, 91 Ariz. 183, 187, 370 P.2d 665, 668 (1962); Knape, 86 Ariz. at 159, 342 P.2d at 196. As this court noted in State ex rel. Dandoy v. City of Phoenix, 133 Ariz. 334, 337, 651 P.2d 862, 865 (App.1982), "the failure to seek review of an administrative agency decision within the time and in the manner provided by [statute] results in the decision becoming final and not subject to judicial review for mere legal error or factual insufficiency."

¶ 9 A trial court's decision to dismiss a case for lack of jurisdiction is reviewed by this court de novo. Harris v. Harris, 195 Ariz. 559, 561, ¶ 6, 991 P.2d 262, 264 (App.1999). Guminski argues that there are disputed issues of fact surrounding the central question of whether the Board's decision became final and reviewable when it denied rehearing on August 24, 1999, or not until it ruled on the request for reconsideration on October 29, 1999. Therefore, she argues, it was error for the trial court to rule as a matter of law on the issue instead of leaving the question for a jury.

¶ 10 The determination as to when the Board's decision became reviewable by the superior court depends solely on the proper interpretation to be given to the relevant statutes and administrative rules. Interpretation of a statute is an issue of law to be determined by the court. Shaffer v. Ariz. State Liquor Bd., 197 Ariz. 405, 408, ¶ 8, 4 P.3d 460, 463 (App.2000). The rules for interpreting statutes apply equally to administrative regulations. Rice v. Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 183 Ariz. 199, 203, 901 P.2d 1242, 1246 (App.1995). We review de novo the trial court's determination from the applicable statutes and administrative rules that Guminski's complaint for judicial review was untimely. See Webb v. Ariz. Bd. of Med. Exam'rs, 194 Ariz. 117, 120, ¶ 11, 977 P.2d 839, 842 (App.1999).

¶ 11 There is no dispute that the Board's ruling on May 25, 1999, sanctioning Guminski, was an "administrative decision" or "decision" as defined in A.R.S. § 12-901(2). That statute defines "decision" as "any decision, order or determination of an administrative agency that is rendered in a case, that affects the legal rights, duties or privileges of persons and that terminates the proceedings before the administrative agency." Id.

¶ 12 Pursuant to A.R.S. § 12-902, only "final" decisions of the administrative agency are reviewable. A decision does not become "final," as explained in A.R.S. § 12-901(2), until a ruling on an application for rehearing or review is made where "a statute or a rule of the administrative agency requires or permits an application for a rehearing or other method of administrative review, and an application for a rehearing or review is made...." Under A.R.S. § 12-901(2), administrative decisions are "final" once a ruling on the application for administrative review is made. Once the "final administrative decision" has been served on the party, A.R.S. § 12-904 requires that a complaint for judicial review be filed within thirty-five days.³ Section 12-902(B) provides that if judicial review is not timely sought, it is barred.

¶ 13 The crucial question in this case is when the administrative decision sanctioning Guminski became "final" causing the time for filing the complaint to begin to run. This question turns upon the proper interpretation of the relevant statutes and administrative rules providing for "administrative review" of the Board's decision. Section 32-2234(F) provides that a party may apply for "a rehearing or review" by filing "a motion pursuant to title 41, chapter 6, article 10." The relevant statutory provision, A.R.S. § 41-1092.09(B) (1999), provides for the filing of "a motion for rehearing or review within thirty days after the service of the administrative decision that is subject to rehearing or review...." The applicable rule governing administrative review of the Board's decisions is A.A.C. R3-11-904; A.A.C. R3-11-904(A) provides that "a party who is aggrieved by a decision issued by the Board may file with the Board, not later than 30 days after service of the decision, a written motion for rehearing or review of the decision specifying the grounds for rehearing or review."

¶ 14 Guminski argues that because the above-mentioned statutes and rule provide for "rehearing or review" (emphasis supplied), she was permitted to file both the request for rehearing and the later request for reconsideration when her first request had been denied. Whether the "or" in the phrase "rehearing or review" is interpreted to include the meaning "and" as well as "or," A.R.S. § 12-904 requires that judicial review be sought within thirty-five days of an agency's final decision. Even if we were to ultimately conclude that reconsideration were available,⁴ Guminski's request for judicial review was untimely because it was not filed within thirty-five days of the denial of her petition for rehearing.

¶ 15 Guminski argues that the...