Hagen v. Bank of Piedmont

• Decision Date: 12 January 1989
• Docket Number: No. 15898,15898
• Parties: James O. HAGEN, Special Deputy to the Liquidator of American Trustee Life Company of Minnesota, and American Trustee Life Company of Nebraska in Conservatorship, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. BANK OF PIEDMONT, a Missouri Banking Corporation, and Robert M. Ramshur, Trustee, Defendants-Respondents.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

Page 384

763 S.W.2d 384

James O. HAGEN, Special Deputy to the Liquidator of American

Trustee Life Company of Minnesota, and American

Trustee Life Company of Nebraska in

Conservatorship, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. BANK OF PIEDMONT, a Missouri Banking Corporation, and Robert

M. Ramshur, Trustee, Defendants-Respondents.

No. 15898.

Missouri Court of Appeals,

Southern District,

Division Two.

Jan. 12, 1989.

Randy P. Schuller, Hackworth and Schuller Law Offices, Piedmont, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Jerry M. Merrell, John R. Hopkins, Jr., Hyde, Purcell, Wilhoit, Spain, Edmundson and Merrell, Poplar Bluff, for defendants-respondents, Bank of Piedmont.

PREWITT, Judge.

Appellants appeal from an order dissolving a temporary restraining order and refusing to issue a preliminary injunction to enjoin the foreclosure of a deed of trust. The temporary restraining order was apparently granted with notice to respondents so it was not limited to a time "not to exceed ten days". See Rule 92.02(b).

We first consider whether an appeal lies. Generally orders entered during the temporary injunction stage are not final orders, thus no appeal lies from the denial of a preliminary injunction. Eickelmann v. Eickelmann, 724 S.W.2d 261, 262 (Mo.App.1986); C.M. Brown & Associates, Inc. v. King, 662 S.W.2d 572, 573 (Mo.App.1983); Simms v. Ford Motor Credit Co., 605 S.W.2d 212, 214 (Mo.App.1980); Frimel v. Humphrey, 555 S.W.2d 350, 352 (Mo.App.1977); Bayer v. Associated Underwriters, Inc., 402 S.W.2d 11, 13 (Mo.App.1966).

However, where a temporary restraining order has been issued and dissolved, the order dissolving the temporary restraining order is appealable. Section 512.020, RSMo 1986, provides that there may be an appeal from any order "dissolving an injunction". A temporary restraining order is an injunction and thus an appeal lies from an order dissolving it. Perseverance Common School District No. 90 v. Honey, 367 S.W.2d 243, 246-247 (Mo.App.1963). See also Wilson v. City of St. Robert, 714 S.W.2d 738, 739 (Mo.App.1986); Niemann v. Carps, Inc., 541 S.W.2d 712, 714 (Mo.App.1976); J and P Trust v. Continental Plants Corp., 541 S.W.2d 22, 25 n. 1 (Mo.App.1976).

Some cases have denied appeals where a temporary restraining order was dissolved, perhaps because the error claimed was the denial of a preliminary injunction and not the dissolving of the temporary restraining order. See for example Eickelmann, 724 S.W.2d at 262. Here, appellants specifically appealed from, and claimed error in the court's order dissolving the temporary restraining order, and, although they also purported to appeal from the order refusing to issue a preliminary injunction, we consider the latter as surplusage not affecting the appeal.

There are certain general principles applicable here in considering appellants' claim of error. Generally, injunctive relief is discretionary and does not issue as a matter of right. Community Title Co. v. Roosevelt Federal Savings & Loan Assoc., 670 S.W.2d 895, 900 (Mo.App.1984); Hudson v. School District of Kansas City, 578 S.W.2d 301, 311 (Mo.App.1979). Injunctive relief is a harsh remedy, to be used sparingly and only in clear cases. Id. at 312; Neaf v. Mallory, 622 S.W.2d 372, 373 (Mo.App.1981).

Injunctive relief should only be granted if irreparable harm is otherwise likely to result. Smith v. Western Electric Co., 643 S.W.2d 10, 13 (Mo.App.1982). Injunctive relief is not available if plaintiff has an adequate remedy at law. Id.

American Trustee Life Company of Minnesota, American Trustee Life Company of Nebraska, and respondent bank participated in making a loan secured by a deed of trust. Respondent bank directed respondent trustee to start foreclosure for default in a note evidencing the loan and the trustee did so. Appellants contend that the bank had no authority to unilaterally request foreclosure, contending that a "Participation Agreement" between the parties making the loan "plainly contemplates that it is [American] Trustee Life [Company of] Minnesota, not the Bank, which has the power to make decisions regarding foreclosure". Appellants quote from and rely on paragraph 4 of the agreement. It states:

Management of the Credit. Without each Participant's prior written consent, Lender [American Trustee Life Company of Minnesota] will not exercise any right or take any action pursuant to the Agreement or the Note which would increase the amount Lender is required to...