Halifax Chick Exp., Inc. v. Young, 281957

• Decision Date: 14 January 1958
• Docket Number: No. 281957,281957
• Citation: 50 Del. 596,11 Terry 596,137 A.2d 743
• Parties: , 50 Del. 596 HALIFAX CHICK EXPRESS, Inc., a foreign corporation, Appellant. v. Annie Mae YOUNG, Appellee.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Delaware

Page 743

137 A.2d 743

11 Terry 596, 50 Del. 596

HALIFAX CHICK EXPRESS, Inc., a foreign corporation, Appellant. v. Annie Mae YOUNG, Appellee.

No. 281957.

Supreme Court of Delaware.

Jan. 14, 1958.

Stewart Lynch, of Hastings, Lynch & Taylor, Wilmington, for appellant.

James M. Tunnell, Jr., of Tunnell & Tunnell, Georgetown, for appellee.

SOUTHERLAND, C. J., and WOLCOTT and BRAMHALL, JJ., sitting.

SOUTHERLAND, Chief Justice.

This case requires a construction of a statute amending the Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tortfeasors Act of 1949, 10 Del.C. § 6301 et seq. (hereinafter 'the uniform act').

The facts are these:

In 1952 a collision occurred between an automobile driven by the defendant Annie Mae Young and a truck of the plaintiff Halifax Chick Express, Inc. Mrs. Mary Emily Lokey was a passenger in the Young car. She brought suit for damages against Halifax. In February, 1954, Halifax paid Mrs. Lokey $5,750 in full settlement of her claim, and Mrs. Lokey expressly released and discharged Halifax and Young from all claims of any kind.

Halifax then brought Young into the case as third-party defendant and demanded contribution under the uniform act. The defendant Young denied liability on the ground that the 1951 amendment to the uniform act had limited the right of contribution to cases in which judgment had been rendered against the joint tortfeasor seeking contribution.

The trial court, applying a prior decision of the Superior Court, held that the 1951 amendment had restricted the right of contribution to cases in which judgment had been entered--in effect, had repealed those provisions of the act giving the right of contribution to a joint tortfeasor who has discharged the common liability by settlement and release. It accordingly dismissed the complaint. Plaintiff appeals.

The uniform act became law May 27, 1949. It declares that the right of contribution exists among joint tortfeasors. One tortfeasor who has discharged in full the common liability is entitled to recover from the others a proportionate share of his payment. This right exists, whether such discharge flows from the payment of a judgment against him or a voluntary settlement and a release of the others. See Section 2 of the uniform act.

On June 5, 1951, the uniform act was amended by adding to Section 2 the following sub-paragraph:

'The right of contribution provided by this Act shall be enforceable only with respect to judgments entered against one or more joint tortfeasors subsequent to May 27, 1949.'

What is the meaning of this amendment? Judge Carey suggested in his opinion below two possible interpretations:

'The Legislature must have intended either (1) to fix an effective date for the application of the Act to judgments, or (2) to restrict the right of contribution to cases where judgment is entered.'

The fixation of a date in the amendment suggests that the former was intended. If the draftsman had wished to abolish the right of contribution based on voluntary settlements, why specify any date? And why not amend the provisions of the act relating to voluntary settlements? Why adopt a roundabout method of repeal by implication? It is difficult to believe that the draftsman intended, in this casual fashion, to repeal one of the main provisions of the uniform act and thus destroy 'its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states that enact it'. See Section 9 of the act.

The trial judge indicated his own serious doubt that such a result was intended. But he cited and followed the decision of the Superior Court in Distefano v. Lamborn, 7 Terry 195, 207, 46 Del. 195, 207, 81 A.2d 675, 83 A.2d 300. In that case the Superior Court, in holding the act not applicable to accidents happening before its passage, said (in its second opinion) 'that it is just as probable that sub-section 5 was intended to extinguish the right of contribution based upon a settlement of the whole claim * * * as to render the Act retroactive in effect.' 7 Terry 210, 46 Del. 210, 83 A.2d 301. In effect, this was a holding that construction (2) is the correct one. The court below naturally felt bound by this holding.

We are at liberty to examine its correctness, and we are of opinion that it cannot be upheld.

Let us consider the state of the law when the 1951 amendment was adopted. The Lamborn case had not been decided. There might well have been uncertainty whether it was intended to apply to cases arising from torts committed prior to its enactment, and, if so, to what extent.

There views were reasonably possible.

1. The act applied only to cases arising from torts committed after the date of its passage. This is the view adopted in the Lamborn case. The court said that the right of contribution created by the act is a substantive one, inchoate from the time of the commission of the tort.

2. The act applied to all releases given or judgments recovered after its passage. This interpretation could well be based upon the decision of the Court of Appeals of New York in the case of Deuscher v. Cammerano, 256 N.Y. 328, 176 N.E. 412. The New York statute, Civil Practice Act, § 211-a, permits contribution in cases where judgment has been recovered. The court held that a claim of contribution could be based upon a judgment recovered after the passage of the act, although the accident happened before its passage. The court said that the act was remedial only because the liability of all joint tortfeasors for the entire amount of the damages existed from the date of the commission of the tort, and the effect of granting the remedy of contribution was to reduce--not to create or increase--the liability of the...