Harris v. Berry

• Decision Date: 07 May 1957
• Docket Number: No. 17288,17288
• Citation: 231 S.C. 201,98 S.E.2d 251
• Parties: Ruby Berry HARRIS, as Executrix of the Last Will and Testament of Fulton Dukes Berry, Appellant, v. Thelma McIntosh BERRY et al., Respondents.
• Court: South Carolina Supreme Court

Page 251

98 S.E.2d 251

231 S.C. 201

Ruby Berry HARRIS, as Executrix of the Last Will and Testament of Fulton Dukes Berry, Appellant, v. Thelma McIntosh BERRY et al., Respondents.

No. 17288.

Supreme Court of South Carolina.

May 7, 1957.

Nelson, Mullins & Grier, Columbia, J. Howard Yates, Charleston, for appellant.

Winter & Winter, Frank L. Taylor, Eugene F. Rogers, Columbia, for respondents.

LEGGE, Justice.

On February 27, 1952, Fulton Dukes Berry, of Richland County, then a patient in the Veterans' Hospital at Kecoughtan, Virginia, executed an instrument purporting to be his last will and testament, in which he named as executrix his sister Ruby Berry Harris. On April 22, 1952, he died; and the said instrument was, on the petition of Mrs. Harris, admitted to probate in common form by the Probate Court of Richland County on May 12, 1952. Its validity having been thereafter contested by decedent's widow, Thelma McIntosh Berry, the Honorable G. Badger Baker, Presiding Judge, refused proponent's motion at the close of the testimony for direction of a verdict in her favor, and submitted the issues to the jury as follows:

1. Did Mr. Berry, at the time of the execution of the paper propounded as his will, have sufficient mental capacity to make his will and understand its contents?

2. Was Mr. Berry acting under undue influence of Ruby Berry Harris when he executed said paper?

3. Is the paper propounded as his will the true will of Mr. Berry?

The jury answered the first two questions in the affirmative, and the third in the negative. The presiding judge having refused proponent's motion for judgment n. o. v. or in the alternative, a new trial, she now appeals on exceptions presenting for determination the following questions:

1. Was there sufficient evidence to go to the jury on the question of undue influence?

2. Did the trial judge err in excluding certain letters written by the decedent to members of his family, beneficiaries under the proposed will, as within the prohibition of Section 26-402 of the 1952 Code?

The first of these questions requires answer before we proceed to consideration of the second; if the first be answered in the negative, the second becomes academic. Also, our decision of the first question must necessarily be based solely upon the evidence admitted at the trial, and without consideration of the excluded letters with which the second question is concerned.

Appeal from the Probate Court to the Circuit Court in a contest as to the validity of a will is in the nature of a case at law rather than in equity, Meier v. Kornahrens, 113 S.C. 270, 102 S.E. 285. Here the parties waived a hearing in the Probate Court and transferred the case, by consent order, to the Court of Common Pleas for hearing, as they had the right to do, Muldrow v. Jeffords, 144 S.C. 509, 142 S.E. 602. But whether a case of 'will or no will' in the circuit court arise by appeal or by consent after waiver of the Probate Court hearing, the issues submitted to the jury as to mental capacity and undue influence are, under the settled law of this state, treated as factual issues in a law case; and the jury's finding will not be disturbed on appeal if there be any evidence to sustain it. Hughes v. Duncan, 175 S.C. 367, 179 S.E. 326; Moorer v. Bull, 212 S.C. 146, 46 S.E.2d 681.

Whether the evidence on the part of the contestant in the instant case, taken in connection with that offered by the proponent (other than the excluded letters) was sufficient to warrant inference that the will was the result of undue influence of the testator's sister, Mrs. Harris, is a question that has given us much concern. Bearing in mind that 'the issue of undue influence should be resolved in the light of the proposition that a sane testator has the right to dispose of his property as he chooses', 57 Am.Jur.Wills, Par. 351, p. 258; Floyd v. Floyd, 3 Strob. 44, 49 Am.Dec. 626; Woodward v. James, 3 Strob. 552, 51 Am.Dec. 649; that there is no longer any issue as to the testator's mental capacity at the time when he made the will; that 'undue influence' invalidating a will must be such as to overcome the testator's wishes and to substitute for them those of the other person, 57 Am.Jur.Wills, Par. 350, p. 258; and that the mere influence of affection and attachment, or the mere desire of gratifying the wishes of another, will not vitiate a testamentary act unless that act was the result of coercion or importunity beyond the testator's power to resist, Smith v. Whestone, 209 S.C. 78, 39 S.E.2d 127;--the question posed above is a very close one under all of the evidence here. We shall not discuss the evidence in detail, because the case must be retried. Viewed in the light most favorable to the contestant, we think that it was sufficient to carry the issue of undue influence to the jury.

Mrs. Mottie Berry Wells, a sister of the decedent and a beneficiary of the disputed will, testified on behalf of the proponent that she had received from Mr. Berry three letters addressed to her by him, dated respectively October 14, 1951, December 6, 1951 and January 11, 1952, the first typewritten and signed in his handwriting, and the others wholly in his handwriting. Mrs. Sue Berry Schubler, a first cousin of the decedent, and also a beneficiary of the disputed will, testified on behalf of the proponent that she had received from him a letter written to her in his handwriting under date March 30, 1952.

The authenticity of these letters is not questioned; and there is no controversy as to their relevancy to the issue of undue influence. The witnesses testified, without objection, to their receipt and that the handwriting was that of the decedent; the letters were marked for identification; and counsel for the proponent then offered them in evidence. Objection was then interposed as to each of them upon the ground that they were inadmissible because of ...