Hauser's Welfare, In re

• Decision Date: 05 April 1976
• Docket Number: No. 3987--I,3987--I
• Citation: 548 P.2d 333,15 Wn.App. 231
• Parties: In re the WELFARE OF Albert Jeffrey Lee HAUSER, a minor.
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals

Page 231

15 Wn.App. 231

548 P.2d 333

In re the WELFARE OF Albert Jeffrey Lee HAUSER, a minor.

No. 3987--I.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 1.

April 5, 1976.

Morrow & Mainland, David F. Mainland, Seattle, for Albert L. Hauser, jr.

Merrick, Hofstedt & Lindsey, Gary R. Eliasen, Seattle, for

petitioner Phillips.

Slade Gorton, Atty. Gen. of Washington, Michael T. Mitchell, Asst. Atty. Gen., Seattle, for Dept. of Social & Health Services.

CALLOW, Judge.

The petitioners, Larrien Phillips and Albert Hauser, Jr., seek review of an order permanently depriving both petitioners of all parental rights in and to their child, Albert Jeffrey Lee Hauser. The petitioners challenge findings of the trial court, assert that the child was not dependent under RCW 13.04.010, and that the permanent deprivation order should be reversed. The petitioner Albert Hauser, Jr., asserts that he was denied consideration of his individual fitness as a parent because of his sex. We find that clear, cogent, and convincing evidence supports the findings entered, concur with the conclusions reached, and affirm.

The initial inquiry is whether the Superior Court had jurisdiction to order permanent deprivation. The petitioners argue that a finding of 'dependency' as defined by RCW 13.04.010(3) ¹ empowers the court to order only temporary, rather than permanent, deprivation of parental rights, citing In re Sickles, 42 Wash.2d 17, 252 P.2d 1063 (1953). The Sickles case held that there was insufficient factual support to justify the permanent deprivation order entered. It was stated that if the evidence is such that dependency exists because the conduct of the parent makes the home an unfit place to live as defined by RCW 13.04.010(3), ² the deprivation may be only on a temporary, rather than on a permanent, basis. The appellate court in the Sickles case viewed the condition that caused the dependency as probably correctable. The circumstances before us here involve the absence of parental control with no likelihood that parental control will be exercised in the future as defined by RCW 13.04.010(2). ³ permanent deprivation may be ordered under subsection (2) of the statute when clear, cogent, and convincing evidence is present that the welfare of the child will be enhanced thereby. Further, when a child has been found to be dependent under Any of the statutory grounds, the child becomes a ward of the state 'subject to the custody, care, guardianship and control of the court . . .' RCW 13.04.010. Under RCW 13.04.095, enacted subsequent to the Sickles decision, 'the court shall make such order for the care, custody, or commitment of the child as the child's welfare in the interest of the state require,' when dependency is found under RCW 13.04.010. An order of commitment may be temporary or permanent in the discretion of the court. RCW 13.04.100. The grant of judicial power to order a permanent deprivation expressed in RCW 13.04.095 and 13.04.100 is available whatever grounds are proven under RCW 13.04.010. The Superior Court has the discretion to order permanent deprivation when a finding of dependency under any of the subsections of RCW 13.04.010 has been entered, based upon substantial evidence, and there is clear, cogent, and convincing evidence that the welfare of the child will be served by permanent removal from the custody of the parents. In re Sego, 82 Wash.2d 736, 513 P.2d 831 (1973); In re Sickles, supra (concurring opinion). Jurisdiction existed in the trial court to permanently deprive the petitioners of their parental rights.

The primary issue raised is whether sufficient evidence supports the findings and order of permanent deprivation. The findings of a trial court which are based upon substantial evidence will not be disturbed on review. In re Sego, supra. See also Todd v. Superior Court, 68 Wash.2d 587, 414 P.2d 605 (1966). Clear, cogent, and convincing evidence must be in the record to support the permanent deprivation of parents of the care, custody, and control of a child. There must be a showing that it is 'highly probable' that the welfare of the child will be enhanced by taking the child from the parents. In re Sego, supra; In re May, 14 Wash.App. 765, 545 P.2d 25 (1976); In re Price, 13 Wash.App. 437, 535 P.2d 475 (1975). The petitioners assert that the evidence of their mental disorders cannot support an order of permanent deprivation. However, we hold that the burden of proof has been met and that it has been shown to be highly probable that his welfare will be promoted by placing him permanently in the custody of others.

The testimony at the hearing showed that the child, born July 29, 1973, first came to the attention of the Department of Social and Health Services (hereinafter referred to as 'department') on October 1, 1973. On that date, the child's mother was arrested for disturbing the peace. The child spent 4 days in a receiving home before being returned to his mother. On November 22, 1973, the mother left him unattended in a disabled automobile. On December 21, 1973, the mother left the home and, while either waiting for a telephone booth to empty or for a bus to arrive, placed the child on the ground. Police were summoned, and the mother was arrested for child abuse. The child was again placed in a receiving home. A dependency petition was filed, and the child was placed in a foster home on January 4, 1974. Thereafter, the parents visited the child on January 14, March 11, April 29, and June 3, 1974. The testifying caseworkers characterized each visit as disruptive, frightening, and upsetting to the child. Shortly after the final visit, the petitioner Phillips was again arrested for disturbing the peace and committed to Western State Hospital for 6 weeks.

A petition for permanent deprivation was filed on November 18, 1974. At the factfinding hearing, conflicting testimony from lay witnsesses was presented concerning the parents. The petitioners and the department also introduced expert testimony regarding the capabilities of the petitioners as parents. The petitioners offered the testimony of their treating psychiatrist at the Harborview Mental Community Health Center. This psychiatrist testified that, although both parents suffered from paranoid schizophrenia, proper medication would keep the mental disorders in remission. In his opinion, the petitioners could learn to be appropriate parents with continued medication, treatment, and support. The department introduced the expert testimony of another psychiatrist who had interviewed both the petitioners and the child. This phychiatrist also testified that both parents were paranoid schizophrenics. In his opinion, the petitioners would require assistance to perform successfully as parents. He stated that although the petitioner Hauser might accept such support, it was unlikely that the petitioner Phillips would accept needed assistance. The department's psychiatrist testified that the petitioners did not have the ability to perform parental responsibilities. He stated that the child was progressing well in foster care, had no emotional ties to his natural parents, and a return to the natural parents would create detrimental emotional problems. The trial judge found that both parents suffered from paranoid schizophrenia, were neither able to control their mental disorders nor deal with stressful situations, and were unable to provide a stable, stimulating environment for the child. The trial court concluded that the child was dependent and that its best interests and welfare required that he be made available for adoption by permanently depriving the natural parents of all rights in and to the child.

The testimony sufficiently supports the trial court's finding that the mental disorders of both parents make them incapable of controlling their own emotions and of providing a proper parental and home environment for the child. The totality of the circumstances constitutes clear, cogent, and convincing evidence to support the order of permanent...