Hayes v. Sheffield Ice Co.

• Decision Date: 30 April 1920
• Docket Number: No. 18544.,18544.
• Citation: 282 Mo. 446,221 S.W. 705
• Parties: HAYES v. SHEFFIELD ICE CO,
• Court: Missouri Supreme Court

221 S.W. 705

282 Mo. 446

HAYES v. SHEFFIELD ICE CO,

No. 18544.

Supreme Court of Missouri, in Banc.

April 30, 1920.

Rehearing Denied May 18, 1920.

Motion to Correct Record Denied May 21, 1920.

Appeal from Circuit Court, Jackson County; O. A. Lucas, Judge.

Action by Guy Hayes against the Sheffield Ice Company. From a judgment for plaintiff, defendant appealed to the Court of Appeals, and, before submission, plaintiff moved to set aside a written settlement and release of judgment and a stipulation for dismissal of the appeal; the Court of Appeals certifying questions to the Supreme Court (168 S. W. 294). Judgment affirmed.

R. E. Ball and Justin D. Bowersock, both of Kansas City, for appellant, on the motion to set aside settlement and release only.

John H. Atwood and Park & Brown, all of Kansas City, for respondent.

WALKER, C. J.

Plaintiff, a minor, who sued with his father as next friend, recovered in the circuit court of Jackson county a judgment against the defendant for personal injuries in the slim of $4,000. The defendant appealed to the Kansas City Court of Appeals. Before the determination of the appeal the plaintiff entered into an agreement with the counsel for the defendant for the release and acquittance of his judgment against the defendant for the expressed consideration of $500. At the same time defendant's counsel prepared a stipulation for the dismissal of the appeal to be filed in the Court of Appeals, and same was signed by the plaintiff and the counsel for the defendant. The latter, accompanied by the plaintiff, then went to the office of the clerk of the circuit court, and the plaintiff signed an entry of satisfaction on the record of his judgment against the defendant. Counsel for the defendant then paid the plaintiff the sum agreed upon in the settlement. This transaction occurred on the 8th day of September, 1913.

On October 2, 1913, counsel for plaintiff, who had prosecuted the action to a judgment for a contingent fee, and who had no knowledge at the time of the plaintiff's settlement with the counsel for the defendant, filed in the Court of Appeals a motion, under plaintiff's direction, to " set aside the release and satisfaction of the judgment on the ground of fraud and deception alleged to have been practiced upon the plaintiff in the procurement of the settlement. Testimony was taken under the order of the court in support of the motion, and upon a hearing the same was overruled, thus sustaining the settlement. One of the judges dissented, and certified the cause to this court, on the ground that the ruling of the majority was in conflict with principles announced in Stonemets v. Head, 248 Mo. 243, 154 S. W. 108, and Girard v. St. Louis Car Wheel Co., 123 Mo. 358, 27 S. W. 648, 25 L. R. A. 514, 45 Am. St. Rep. 556.

The transcript of the entire proceedings in this case is before us. It includes, not only the record of the proceedings in the circuit court, but in addition the record and the testimony concerning the stipulation to dismiss, and plaintiff's motion to set aside the settlement, and the court's ruling on same.

I. The case comes to us as if upon direct appeal from the circuit court and must be so considered and determined. Article 6, § 6, Amend. 1884, Const. Mo.; Keller v. Summers, 262 Mo. loc. cit. 331, 171 S. W. 336; Epstein v. Railroad, 250 Mo. loc. cit. 7, 156 S. W. 699, 48 L. R. A. (N. S.) 394, Ann. Cas. 1915A, 423; Sutton v. Cole, 155 Mo. 206, 55 S. W. 1052.

II. We will not burden this opinion with a statement in detail of the facts and circumstances leading up to the settlement of the plaintiff's case with the counsel for the defendant. This phase of the case is not one of pleasant contemplation; and, the facts having been set forth in full in the opinions of the judges of the Court of Appeals (168 S. W. 294), they may be consulted for fuller information. Impartially considered, either as presented in the majority or dissenting opinions, they present sufficient facts to authorize the branding of the settlement between the plaintiff and the counsel for the defendant with the badge of fraud under the principles announced in the Stonemets and Girard Cases, supra. It was so held in the dissenting opinion. We therefore approve the facts therein stated, and the conclusion reached, and hold that the release executed by the plaintiff of the judgment in his favor in the trial court, and the stipulation based thereon for the dismissal of defendant's appeal in the Court of Appeals, were unfairly procured, and should be set aside and for naught held, and as a consequence that plaintiff's motion filed for that purpose should be sustained.

III. This leaves for consideration the case upon its merits. The facts in regard thereto, briefly stated, are as follows: Plaintiff, at the time a boy of 19 years of age, was employed as a laborer by the defendant to assist in the dismantling and tearing down of an old frame building, which was owned and had been used by the defendant as an ice-house. Plaintiff was without experience in wrecking old buildings. Defendant's president directed plaintiff and others who had been employed to go up on the roof, some 34 feet from the ground, and tear off the sheeting and other roofing materials, that the rafters might be removed. Plaintiff and the others hesitated, when they were assured by the president that there was not a bit of danger; that he had wrecked enough old buildings to know whether the undertaking was safe, and that there was no danger in this instance; that he would not have hired plaintiff and the others to do the work, if it could not have been done safely. With these assurances they went up on the roof, and while they were there employed in tearing off the sheeting the plate or beam upon which the rafters rested gave way, the wall fell, and the plaintiff and others were precipitated to the ground; timbers and other debris falling upon them. The plaintiff's injuries from this fall consisted in a broken thigh bone and a bruised back and right arm. He was confined to his bed for 11 or 12 weeks as a result of these injuries, and it was 2 months thereafter before he was able to walk without assistance. His broken leg, upon the healing of the fracture, was crooked and 2½ inches shorter than the other leg. These facts are not attempted to be controverted. Tile gist of the petition is that the defendant directed the plaintiff, an inexperienced boy, to engage in work at a place of danger without warning him of the peril of the employment. As the Kansas City Court of Appeals said in a case brought by another against defendant for injuries received at the same time as those of the plaintiff:

"The injury to plaintiff arose, not from the general liability of the building to fall, but from a defective condition at one place, known to defendant and unknown to plaintiff; and defendant, without remedying said defect, assured plaintiff it was safe." Boten v. Ice Co., 180 Mo. App. loc. cit. 101, 166 S. W. 885.

When the facts are such as in the case at bar, more than mere physical inspection of the exterior of the work is required of the defendant. The building had been erected for many years. The use to which it had been put was such as to cause its timbers to decay or become rotten more rapidly than in the ordinary course of nature.

The defendant was required to look for defects, while the plaintiff was bound only to discover what would have been apparent to one of ordinary prudence. The defendant was held to know the defects, if by the exercise of care they could have been discovered. The plaintiff had the right to assume, especially in view of the defendant's assurances, that the latter's president had furnished him with a safe place to work, unless he could by the exercise of ordinary care have discovered the rotten beam which caused his injury, and which at the time was covered with sheeting, which formed a part of the roof. It appears, therefore, that the plaintiff and the defendant did not have an equal opportunity to discover the defect which caused the injury; but, if such equal opportunity had been afforded, this would not defeat plaintiff's right of recovery, for the reason that it was not his duty, although it was that of the defendant, to look for such defects as were not open to observation.

The duty of inspection as to the master is affirmative, and must be continually fulfilled and postively performed. Thornsberry v. Railroad, 178 S. W. loc. cit. 200; Crowl v. Am. Linseed Co., 255 Mo. 305, 164 S. W. 618; Clark v. Iron Co., 234 Mo. loc. cit. 454, 137 S. W. 577, 45 L. R. A. (N. S.) 295; Czernicke v. Ehrlich, 212 Mo. loc. cit. 395, 111 S. W. 14; Gutridge v. Railroad, 105 Mo. loc. cit. 525, 16 S. W. 943; Nicholds v. Glass Co., 126 Mo. loc. cit. 65, 28 S. W. 991. Under such circumstances as are present in the case at bar, all of which were known to defendant, or could have been known by the exercise of ordinary care, a careful inspection was required before directing the plaintiff to go to work on the building. Nowotny v. Brewing Ass'n, 185 Mo. App. 718, 171 S. W. 941; Spaulding v. Lumber Co., 183 Mo. App. 656, 167 S. W. 663; Pendergrass v. Railroad, 179 Mo. App. 531, 162 S. W. 712.

The assurance of safety given by the defendant's president to the plaintiff was something more than an expression of opinion; it was a representation of a fact. The Kansas City Court of Appeals in the Boten Case, supra, pertinently appropriate here because the facts are the same in both cases, said:

"It is thus seen that the statements of the president were not the expression of a mere opinion, nor were they so general as not to apply to...