Hennebry v. Hoy

• Decision Date: 28 December 1983
• Docket Number: No. 10502,10502
• Citation: 343 N.W.2d 87
• Parties: Michael J. HENNEBRY, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Robert HOY, Defendant and Appellee, and Donald Cooke, Defendant. Civ.
• Court: North Dakota Supreme Court

Page 87

343 N.W.2d 87

Michael J. HENNEBRY, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Robert HOY, Defendant and Appellee and Donald Cooke, Defendant.

Civ. No. 10502.

Supreme Court of North Dakota.

Dec. 28, 1983.

Michael J. Hennebry, pro se.

Robert G. Hoy, State's Atty., Fargo, pro se.

ERICKSTAD, Chief Justice.

Michael J. Hennebry, appearing pro se, appeals from a summary judgment dismissing his complaint against Cass County State's Attorney Robert G. Hoy. We dismiss the appeal.

While waiting in the basement of city hall to see the Fargo Chief of Police, ¹ Hennebry encountered three Fargo police officers. According to Hennebry, one of the officers told him to "leave or be hauled off to jail." When Hennebry asked what he would be charged with, one of the officers replied, "loitering." Hennebry contends that when he asked to see a copy of the law, a police officer stared into his face, pointed to an exit, and stated: "The law is right outside there." After obtaining the officer's name and badge number, Hennebry left "to avoid violence."

As a result of this incident, Hennebry drafted a criminal complaint purporting to charge Fargo Police Officer B.E. Workman with disorderly conduct and criminal coercion in violation of Secs. 12.1-31-01 and 12.1-17-06 of the North Dakota Century Code, respectively. He took the complaint to the Cass County Court where County Judge Donald Cooke allowed Hennebry to sign it, but issued no summons or warrant. Judge Cooke later forwarded the complaint to State's Attorney Hoy. According to Hoy, upon reviewing the allegations contained in the complaint, he was of the opinion that a criminal prosecution of Workman would be "inappropriate." He then returned the criminal complaint to Judge Cooke.

In an undated complaint filed in the Cass County District Court on April 8, 1983, Hennebry brought an action in the nature of mandamus against Hoy and Judge Cooke. Hennebry requested in the complaint that "Defendant Cooke be commanded to issue a summons or warrant against B.E. Workman and that Defendant Hoy be commanded to prosecute B.E. Workman on the charges contained in plaintiff's criminal complaint."

Hoy responded by filing a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(5) of the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure. In an accompanying affidavit, Hoy stated in part:

"4) On January 13, 1983 I received from the Honorable Donald Cooke, Cass County Court Judge, a copy of the 'complaint' drafted and filed by Michael John Hennebry seeking a criminal prosecution of B.E. Workman by the State of North Dakota. I reviewed the contents of that complaint, made inquiries about the substance of the allegations, and declined to authorize a criminal prosecution by this office.

"5) I remain of the opinion that a criminal prosecution of B.E. Workman, based upon the contents of the complaint filed by Michael J. Hennebry, would be inappropriate and contrary to my responsibility to refrain from initiating criminal proceedings against persons whom I reasonably believe have not committed public offenses."

The district court treated the motion as one for summary judgment and granted summary judgment dismissing Hennebry's complaint with prejudice "as against the Defendant Hoy." Judgment of dismissal was entered May 12, 1983, and Hennebry appealed. According to Hennebry, he has not abandoned his suit against Judge Cooke and the matter remains pending in the district court.

It is the duty of this Court to dismiss an appeal on our own motion if we conclude that the attempted appeal fails to grant jurisdiction. City of Riverside v. Smuda, 339 N.W.2d 768, 769 (N.D.1983); State v. Jensen, 333 N.W.2d 686, 689 (N.D.1983); In Interest of D.R.J., 317 N.W.2d 391, 392 (N.D.1982). Rule 54(b), N.D.R.Civ.P., provides:

"(b) Judgment Upon Multiple Claims or Involving Multiple Parties. If more than one claim for relief is presented in an action, whether as a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, or if multiple parties are involved, the court may direct the entry of a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties only upon an express determination that there is no just reason for delay and upon an express direction for the entry of judgment. In the absence of that determination and direction, any order or other form of decision, however designated, which adjudicates fewer than all of the claims or the rights and liabilities of fewer than all the parties does not terminate the action as to any of the claims or parties, and the order or other form of decision is subject to revision at any time before the entry of judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties."

In the absence of a Rule 54(b), N.D.R.Civ.P., determination, a decision of the district court, however designated, which fails to adjudicate all claims of all the parties is an interlocutory and nonappealable decision. Minch v. City of Fargo, 297 N.W.2d 785, 789 (N.D.1980); Melland Firestone, Inc. v. Streich, 226 N.W.2d 141, 142 (N.D.1975). The purpose of this rule is to avoid piecemeal litigation. Streich, supra. It is well settled in this State that rules or statutes on procedure will not be modified or applied differently merely because a party not learned in the law is acting pro se. State v. Gasser, 306 N.W.2d 205, 208 (N.D.1981), and cases cited therein.

The summary judgment dismissing Hoy as a defendant in this case did not constitute an adjudication of Hennebry's claim against Judge Cooke who remains a party defendant and as to whom the case is still pending. The district court did not make the requisite determination that there is no just reason for delay. Therefore, Hennebry's appeal must be dismissed.

However, in the interest of judicial economy, we take this opportunity to comment briefly on Hennebry's major contention that the district court erred in failing to issue a writ of mandamus compelling the State's Attorney to prosecute Officer Workman.

Section 32-34-01, N.D.C.C., provides:

"32-43-01. By and to whom writ of mandamus issued.--The writ of mandamus may be issued by the supreme and district courts to any inferior tribunal, corporation, board, or person to compel the performance of an act which the law specially enjoins as a duty resulting from an office, trust, or station, or to compel the admission of a party to the use and enjoyment of a right or office to which he is entitled and from which he is precluded unlawfully by such inferior tribunal, corporation, board, or person."

An applicant for a writ of mandamus must show the existence of a legal right to the performance of the particular act sought to be compelled by the writ and the nonavailability of a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. Morton County v. Henke, 308 N.W.2d 372, 375 (N.D.1981); City of Fargo v. Cass County, 286 N.W.2d 494, 501 (N.D.1979); Sec. 32-34-02, N.D.C.C. Because of its very nature, mandamus does not lie to compel a discretionary act. E.g., Morton County v. Henke, supra; City of Fargo v. Cass County, supra.

Hennebry claims that Hoy's duty to prosecute Officer Workman in this case emanates from Sec. 11-16-01(2), N.D.C.C., which provides in part that "[t]he state's attorney is the public prosecutor, and shall ... [i]nstitute proceedings before magistrates for the arrest of persons charged with or reasonably suspected of public offenses when he has information that such offenses have been committed, ..."

Hennebry has misconceived the duties and responsibilities of a State's Attorney. It is clear from past decisions of this Court that a State's Attorney's "duty" to initiate a prosecution does not arise upon the mere submission of a sworn complaint by a person who feels personally aggrieved by an act of another, but, rather, only upon the State's Attorney's decision, after due inquiry and consideration, that a criminal charge is proper under the circumstances. In arriving at the decision whether or not to initiate a criminal prosecution, the State's Attorney must consider the situation not only from the eyes of a complainant, but in view of the requirement of probable cause and the reasonable probability of obtaining a conviction by a jury of citizens from the community.

The necessity for the exercise of sound judgment and discretion by the State's Attorney in the charging process has long been recognized by our Court. In State v. District Court In and For Ward County, 70 N.D. 17, 24-25, 291 N.W. 620, 624 (1940), the court stated:

"Under the laws of this State the state's attorney is charged with more important duties than those which formerly were laid upon a prosecuting attorney. The Constitution provides that all criminal offenses may be prosecuted...