Hernandez v. Food Mkt. Corp., 1D18-4406

• Decision Date: 30 October 2019
• Docket Number: No. 1D18-4406,1D18-4406
• Citation: 282 So.3d 1005
• Parties: Edna HERNANDEZ, Appellant, v. FOOD MARKET CORP. d/b/a Joseph's Classic Market and AmTrust North America of FL and Associated Industries, Appellees.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

282 So.3d 1005

Edna HERNANDEZ, Appellant,

v.FOOD MARKET CORP. d/b/a Joseph's Classic Market and AmTrust North America of FL and Associated Industries, Appellees.

No. 1D18-4406

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

October 30, 2019

David C. Wiitala of Wiitala & Contole, P.A., North Palm Beach, for Appellant.

Rayford H. Taylor of Hall Booth Smith, P.C., Atlanta, GA, and Andrew R. Borah of Hurley, Rogner, Miller, Cox, Waranch & Westcott, P.A., Deerfield Beach, for Appellees.

Winokur, J. Claimant Edna Hernandez appeals the order by the Judge of Compensation Claims (JCC) denying her entitlement to any workers' compensation benefits due to her fraudulent provision of an invalid social security number (SSN). We affirm.

Claimant, an illegal alien without a valid SSN, was injured at work and her employer/carrier later directed her to a medical care provider. Claimant was advised that she would be required to present a SSN, and the registration form indeed included a place to enter a SSN and a statement that the "claim could be denied if you do not provide the information." Claimant admitted that she entered an invalid SSN on the form because she believed she needed to do so to obtain authorized medical care.

Section 440.09(4)(a), Florida Statutes, prohibits an employee from receiving workers' compensation benefits if he or she commits any act described in section 440.105, Florida Statutes, "for the purpose of securing workers' compensation benefits." Section 440.105(4)(b) prohibits employees from making fraudulent, false, or misleading statements. See , e.g. , § 440.105(4)(b)9, Fla. Stat. ("It shall be unlawful for any person ... [t]o knowingly present or cause to be presented any false, fraudulent, or misleading oral or written statement to any person as evidence of identity for the purpose of obtaining employment or filing or supporting a claim for workers' compensation benefits."). The employer/carrier argued that Claimant violated section 440.105(4)(b) 9. by fraudulently providing an invalid SSN to obtain workers' compensation benefits, and thus was not entitled to benefits. "In deciding this issue, the JCC had to answer two questions. The first is whether Claimant made or caused to be made false, fraudulent or misleading statements. The second is whether the statement was intended by Claimant to be for the purpose of obtaining benefits." Arreola v. Admin. Concepts , 17 So. 3d 792, 794 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009). The JCC answered both questions affirmatively and denied Claimant's claim.

On appeal, Claimant argues that section 440.105(4) is unconstitutional as applied to her because it is preempted by the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), citing Arizona v. United States , 567 U.S. 387, 401, 132 S.Ct. 2492, 183 L.Ed.2d 351 (2012), and State v. Garcia , 306 Kan. 1113, 401 P.3d 588 (2017), cert. granted in part , ––– U.S. ––––, 139 S. Ct. 1317, 203 L.Ed.2d 563 (2019). These authorities do not support relief.

Part of a 2010 Arizona law made it a state crime for illegal aliens "to knowingly apply for work, solicit work in a public place or perform work as an employee or independent contractor in [Arizona]." Ariz.Rev.Stat. Ann. § 13–2928(C). Discussing the IRCA's "comprehensive framework for ‘combating the employment of illegal aliens,’ " the Supreme Court noted that employers are penalized criminally and civilly for violating it, but employees are not. Arizona , 567 U.S. at 404, 132 S.Ct. 2492 (quoting Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB , 535 U.S. 137, 147, 122 S.Ct. 1275, 152 L.Ed.2d 271 (2002) ). The Supreme Court held that Congress was clear "that any information employees submit to indicate their work status ‘may not be used’ for purposes other than prosecution under specified federal criminal statutes for fraud, perjury, and related conduct." Id. at 405, 132 S.Ct. 2492 (quoting 8 U.S.C. §§ 1324a(b)(5), (d)(2)(F)–(G) ).

Thus, this section of the Arizona law was preempted by IRCA because "Congress decided it would be inappropriate to impose criminal penalties on aliens who seek or engage in unauthorized employment." Id. at 406, 132 S.Ct. 2492.

In Garcia , a false SSN an employee provided was used on an I–9 form (an employment eligibility form authorized by the IRCA) to verify his identity and employment authorization, and this information was subsequently transferred to a W–4 tax form. 401 P.3d at 590. The State of Kansas charged Garcia with identity theft and planned to use the W–4 as evidence, and the trial court refused to suppress it. Id. Garcia argued that the W–4 could not be used because the information on it was also on the I–9. See 8 U.S.C. § 1324a(b)(5) ("A form designated or established by the Attorney General under this subsection and any information contained in or appended to such form, may not be used for purposes other than for enforcement of this chapter" or certain other federal statutes). The state supreme court agreed, holding that "[s]tates are prohibited from using the I–9 and any information contained within the I–9 as the bases for a state law identity theft prosecution of an alien who uses another's Social Security information in an I–9. The fact that this information was included in the W–4 and [a related state tax document] did not alter the fact that it was also part of the I–9." Id. at 599.¹

Regardless of whether we agree with Garcia , it does not control, nor does Arizona . Here, Claimant does not allege that the invalid SSN she provided to obtain workers' compensation benefits was ever previously provided for employment verification purposes.² Instead, she argues that section 440.105(4) is unconstitutional because her provision of a false SSN "implicates and touches upon her...