Heyer v. North East Independent School Dist.
| Decision Date | 22 April 1987 |
| Docket Number | No. 04-86-00262-CV,04-86-00262-CV |
| Parties | 40 Ed. Law Rep. 517 Vincent HEYER, Individually and as next friend of Kristen Heyer, Appellant, v. NORTH EAST INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT, Appellee. |
| Court | Texas Court of Appeals |
A.J. Hohman, Jr., San Antonio, John G. Gehring, San Antonio, for appellant.
Nan Seidenfeld, San Antonio, Paul M. Green, San Antonio, for appellee.
Before BUTTS, DIAL and CHAPA, JJ.
This is a suit by Vincent Heyer, individually and as next friend of his minor daughter, Kristen Heyer (hereafter referred to as Heyer), for damages against the North East Independent School District (hereafter referred to as the School District.) The suit stems from a motor vehicle-pedestrian accident upon the premises of one of the schools in the School District. This appeal arises from a complaint of the acts of the trial court in entering summary judgment in favor of the School District on the basis that the School District is immune from liability for such an occurrence.
The undisputed facts show that on the afternoon of November 19, 1982, Kristen Heyer was waiting to board her bus transportation home in an area designated by the MacArthur High School. James Messengele, a fellow student, was leaving the parking lot in his vehicle which was permitted on the premises. Messengele was engaged in "power-braking" his automobile, a practice whereby the driver, with the transmission in gear, applies the brakes and gas simultaneously. While so engaged, Messengele's foot slipped off the brake, causing the car to accelerate out of control across the parking lot, striking two parked cars, a group of students awaiting the bus, and coming to rest next to the school building. The impact caused Kristen Heyer serious bodily injuries which resulted in the present lawsuit. It is undisputed that the School District did not own the automobile that injured Kristen Heyer and that no School District employee was operating the automobile that struck Miss Heyer. It is also undisputed that the premises in question were owned and under the control of the appellee.
In a summary judgment, the burden is upon the movant to prove there exists no material fact issue and that they are entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Mays v. Foremost Ins. Co., 627 S.W.2d 230, 233 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 1981, no writ); TEX.R.CIV.P. 166-A. Since there is no factual contest, this summary judgment should be affirmed only if the record establishes a right to the summary judgment as a matter of law. Clutts v. Southern Methodist University, 626 S.W.2d 334, 335 (Tex.App.--Tyler 1981, writ ref'd n.r.e.).
Heyer's first point of error claims the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of the School District, because immunity from appellant's cause of action is waived under the Texas Torts Claims Act, TEX.REV.CIV.STAT.ANN. art. 6252-19, §§ 3, 13, and 19A (repealed 1985). 1 Pursuant to art. 6252-19, § 19A, now recodified as §§ 101.021, 101.051, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, school and junior college districts are excluded from exposure to liability under the Texas Tort Claims Act except as to the operation and use of motor vehicles. 2 The question is whether the motor vehicle exception applies to the case at bar. We think not.
The Tort Claims Act does not define the word "use;" therefore, its common and ordinary meaning should be applied. Satterfield v. Satterfield, 448 S.W.2d 456 (Tex.1969); Person v. Latham, 582 S.W.2d 246 (Tex.Civ.App.--Beaumont 1979, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Beggs v. Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation, 496 S.W.2d 252 (Tex.Civ.App.--San Antonio 1973, writ ref'd). Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary, Second Edition, defines the word "use" as meaning "to put or bring into action or service; to employ for or applied to a given purpose." Beggs, 496 S.W.2d at 254. Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary defines the word "operation" as "a doing or performing of a practical work or of something involving practical application of principles or processes" and the word "use" as meaning "the act or practice of employing something." Jackson v. City of Corpus Christi, 484 S.W.2d 806, 809 (Tex.Civ.App.--Corpus Christi 1972, writ ref'd n.r.e.). To overcome governmental immunity, it must be shown that the damages were proximately caused by the negligence or wrongful act or omission of any officer or employee acting within the scope of his authority, arising from the operation or use of a motor vehicle. Estate of Garza v. McAllen Independent School District, 613 S.W.2d 526, 527 (Tex.Civ.App.--Beaumont 1981, writ ref'd n.r.e.). In Lowe v. Texas Tech University, 540 S.W.2d 297 (Tex.1976) , the Texas Supreme Court stated that the Texas Tort Claims Act provided for waiver of governmental immunity in three general areas, and one being the "use of publicly owned automobiles." The court in Jackson v. City of Corpus Christi 484 S.W.2d 806, declared that the "allegations of negligence related directly to the control of traffic" and were not "acts or omissions" which "in any way arise from the operation or use of a motor vehicle." Id. at 809. Upon rehearing, the court further stated that "Section 3 [Texas Tort Claims Act] requires that the negligence arise from the 'operation or use' of the vehicle [involved]." Id. at 810.
In the case at bar, as in Jackson, 484 S.W.2d 806, the allegations of negligence against the School District related to the control and supervision of the parking lot, students, and the traffic. The vehicle involved was not owned or operated by any agent of the School District. Under these facts and the pleadings of Heyer, we hold that they do not amount to acts or omissions arising from the operation or use of a motor vehicle contemplated by the Tort Claims Act exception.
Appellant's reliance on Madisonville Independent School District v. Kyle, 658 S.W.2d 149 (Tex.1983) is misplaced. In Madisonville, 658 S.W.2d 149, the Texas Supreme Court upheld the decision of the Waco Court of Appeals that the school district was liable under the vehicle exception of the Texas Torts Claims Act when a child student died crossing the highway after leaving a school bus following negligent directions of the busdriver. The case at bar is not in point with Madisonville, 658 S.W.2d 149. The facts before us do not indicate that a school district vehicle was at all involved in the accident, that a school employee was operating any vehicle connected with the accident, or that there was any causal connection between the injuries and the operation or use of any vehicle owned by the district or operated by an agent of the district.
Appellant also directs our attention to Hopkins v. Spring Independent School District, 706 S.W.2d 325 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1986), affirmed, 30 Tex.Sup.Ct.J. 5251 (February 25, 1987) (not yet reported). In Hopkins, 706 S.W.2d 325, the Court of Appeals upheld the immunity of the school district under the Tort Claims Act when a student afflicted with cerebral palsy, after being injured in the classroom by another student, went into convulsions in the school bus causing the bus driver to request, via radio, a nurse at the next bus stop. No nurse was provided and the busdriver's supervisor directed him to take the child to the child's day care center. The allegations were that the failure to provide adequate medical care, including during the bus trip, proximately caused the child's life expectancy to decrease.
On February 25, 1987, in affirming the Court of Appeals, the Texas Supreme Court said:
Several Texas courts have held that when injuries are not the proximate result of the use or operation of the school bus, but the bus provides the setting of the injury, the actions do not fall within the section 101.051 immunity. See Jackson v. City of Corpus Chri ti, [sic] 484 S.W.2d 806 (Tex.Civ.App.--Corpus Christi 1972, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Brantley v. City of Dallas, 545 S.W.2d 284 (Tex.Civ.App.--Amarillo 1976, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Estate of Garza v. McAllen Independent School District, 613 S.W.2d 526 (Tex.Civ.App.--Beaumont 1981, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Pierson et al. v. Houston Independent School District et al., 698 S.W.2d 377 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1985, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Applying the common and ordinary meaning of the words "operation" and "use," Celeste Adeline's injury could not have arisen from the use of a motor vehicle as contemplated by the statute.
Hopkins v. Spring Independent School District, 30 Tex.Sup.Ct.J. 251 (February 25, 1987) (not yet reported). Point of error number one is overruled.
In point of error number two, Heyer contends the trial court erred in granting the summary judgment because the cause of action arose from a...
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