Hicks v. State

• Decision Date: 30 July 1987
• Docket Number: No. 385S99,385S99
• Parties: William HICKS, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

Page 676

510 N.E.2d 676

William HICKS, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.

No. 385S99.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

July 30, 1987.

Susan K. Carpenter, Public Defender, Christopher Gardner, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, for appellant.

Linley E. Pearson, Atty. Gen., Lisa M. Paunicka, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for appellee.

GIVAN, Justice.

On August 10, 1982, appellant was charged with Burglary and Attempted Theft. On August 23, appellant entered a plea of guilty to both counts. On August 31, the prosecutor filed an "Information of Habitual Offender." The trial judge sustained appellant's motion to dismiss the habitual offender allegation.

The State took an appeal to this Court and the trial court was reversed on September 30, 1983. The cause was remanded to the trial court with instructions to grant Hicks' motion to dismiss and to grant the State's motion to amend. The court was also instructed to bring Hicks into court for a hearing at which he was to be advised of the effect of a successful habitual offender adjudication on his sentence for the underlying felony. It was further ordered that he should be allowed upon motion to withdraw his plea of guilty. Upon remand, the State added the habitual offender charge and appellant withdrew his plea of guilty.

A jury trial commenced on August 27, 1984, resulting in the conviction of appellant. The trial court sentenced appellant to twenty (20) years, which was enhanced by thirty (30) years by reason of the habitual offender finding. Appellant now appeals that conviction.

In the first three assignments of error in his brief, appellant states: 1) the trial court erred by sentencing him to a term greater than the twenty (20) years he had originally received; 2) the trial court erred in overruling his objection to further proceedings which could result in an increased sentence; and, 3) the trial court erred in overruling his written objections to further proceedings because this Court's prior opinion, State v. Hicks (1983), Ind., 453 N.E.2nd 1014, (DeBruler, J., dissenting), was in error.

The State is correct in observing that these issues have been resolved adversely to appellant and constitute the law of the case for purposes of this appeal. Fair Share Organization v. Mitnick (1964), 245 Ind. 324, 198 N.E.2d 765.

Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying his motions for change of judge, filed on May 29, 1984, and August 20, 1984. Appellant takes the position that, since the trial judge had previously accepted his guilty pleas and sentenced him, he was therefore disqualified to preside at the trial. Indiana Rules of Criminal Procedure, Criminal Rule 12, provides among other things:

"[W]here a cause is remanded for a new trial by the Supreme Court, such application must be filed not later than ten days after the party has knowledge that the cause is ready to be set for trial."

The cause was remanded to the trial court on December 6, 1983. On January 31, 1984, appellant entered his plea of not guilty to the charges. On February 27, a jury trial was scheduled for April 18, 1984. Appellant filed his first motion for change of judge on May 29, 1984, thus appellant did not satisfy the procedural requirements for a timely change of judge. Smith v. State (1985), Ind., 477 N.E.2d 857.

The second motion for change of judge, filed on August 20, 1984, alleged that the judge had accepted his previous guilty pleas and also that the judge was a party-defendant to a complaint filed by appellant. In State ex rel. Jeffries v. Lawrence Circuit Court (1984), Ind., 467 N.E.2d 741 and State ex rel. Gaston v. Gibson Circuit Court (1984), 462 N.E.2d 1049, this Court ruled that a change of judge in criminal cases is governed by Ind.R.Cr.P. 12 and that under the rule the change of judge in a criminal case is discretionary rather than mandatory. Appellant urges that the rulings in Jeffries and Gaston are incorrect and that those decisions should be reconsidered; however, we decline to do so.

We have previously held that a denial of change of judge will be reversed only on a clear abuse of discretion. White v. State (1982), Ind., 431 N.E.2d 488. The fact that a defendant has appeared before a certain judge in prior actions does not establish the existence of prejudice or bias. Clemons v. State (1981), Ind., 424 N.E.2d 113; Brim v. State (1984), Ind., 471 N.E.2d 672. We see no evidence in this record of bias or prejudice on the part of the trial judge; therefore, we see no abuse of his discretion in denying the change.

Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying his request that juror Wilson be discharged because he had obtained information about appellant's background subsequent to being sworn and admonished by the trial court. After being impaneled, juror Kurt Wilson, a vice-president and chief of the investment department of a Lafayette Bank and Trust Company, advised the trial judge that upon his return to the bank following jury selection, one of his colleagues informed him that the bank had administered a trust fund of which appellant had been a beneficiary. Wilson stated the relationship between appellant and the bank had terminated some time before 1976 and that he had no personal knowledge of the transactions.

In addition, he testified before the trial judge that his position at the bank and the bank's relationship with appellant would have no effect based on his information at that time. He did state that he could be affected because of his contact with people who had personal knowledge about appellant. However, he stated that he had not at that time talked to anybody about appellant and he was admonished by the court that he was to refrain from such discussions. There is nothing in this record to indicate that any such discussions ever occurred. This record indicates the trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing Wilson to serve as a juror. See Rushen v. Spain (1983), 464 U.S. 114, 104 S.Ct. 453, 78 L.Ed.2d 267.

Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying his request to ask state witness, Detective Payne, questions regarding the polygraph examination of Danny Robbins, the son of the victim of the burglary. It is appellant's position that he entered Harry Robbins' home by Robbins' consent in that Harry Robbins had entered into an arrangement with his son Danny to elicit appellant's aid in faking a burglary for the purpose of perpetrating an insurance fraud. Appellant took the position that Danny Robbins had failed a polygraph examination on the subject.

The fact that a witness took a polygraph examination or the results of that examination are inadmissible unless there is a stipulation by the parties as to the admission of such evidence. Wallace v. State (1983), Ind., 453 N.E.2d 245. Appellant acknowledges this to be the law in Indiana. However, he urges this Court to reconsider its position concerning the admissibility of polygraph examinations. We recently have declined a similar invitation. Johnson v. State (1985), Ind., 472 N.E.2d 892. We hold the trial court did not err in excluding evidence of the polygraph examination.

Appellant claims the trial court erred in granting the State's motion in limine preventing him from questioning Robbins or Richard Dean Smith as to prior burglaries or the polygraph examination taken by Danny Robbins. For the reasons above stated, the trial court did not err in issuing his order in limine.

Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying his motion for continuance based on surprise when the State sought to introduce its Exhibit No. 38. During his case-in-chief, appellant called, as a witness, Richard Dean Smith, who is a previous codefendant in this case and who had been convicted in a prior trial.

During cross-examination, the prosecutor asked Smith if he created the story of the insurance fraud scheme on August 14, 1982. Smith responded that he had not and stated that the scheme had been planned prior to the August 2, 1982, burglary of the Robbins' home. The prosecutor then offered into evidence State's Exhibit No. 38, a letter written by Smith to appellant on August 14, 1982, in an attempt to discredit Smith as a witness. Cross-examination is permissible as to the subject matter covered on direct examination, including any matter which tends to elucidate, modify, explain, contradict or rebut testimony given during direct examination by the witness. Knisley v. State (1985), Ind.App., 474 N.E.2d 513.

In the case at bar, Smith testified that Robbins arranged for appellant, Smith and Watkins to remove his gun collection so he could collect insurance proceeds. The trial court properly admitted Exhibit No. 38 after Smith had identified the exhibit as a letter he wrote to appellant following their arrests. We see no abuse of the trial court's discretion in permitting the admission of Exhibit No. 38.

Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying his objection to testimony of John Meyers, the Tippecanoe County Prosecutor who had previously represented appellant as defense counsel in another cause. Meyers was not the prosecutor in the case at bar. After the remand following the State's appeal in this case, as above recounted, Meyers recused himself and a special prosecutor was appointed for the prosecution of the instant case.

During appellant's testimony at the trial, he accused the State of vindictiveness in pursuing his prosecution and it was because of this vindictiveness that he refused the offer of a plea bargain for an executed twenty (20) year sentence and elected to stand trial...