Hiller v. Real Estate Commission, 79

• Decision Date: 04 May 1981
• Docket Number: No. 79,79
• Parties: Fred T. HILLER, III, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The REAL ESTATE COMMISSION of the State of Colorado, Defendant-Appellee. SA 136.
• Court: Colorado Supreme Court

Page 769

627 P.2d 769

Fred T. HILLER, III, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The REAL ESTATE COMMISSION of the State of Colorado,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 79 SA 136.

Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc.

May 4, 1981.

Eldon E. Silverman, P. C., Eldon E. Silverman, Philip A. Klein, Denver, for plaintiff-appellant.

J. D. MacFarlane, Atty. Gen., Richard F. Hennessey, Deputy Atty. Gen., Mary J. Mullarkey, Sol. Gen., Jacqueline Vermeulen, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Consumer Affairs Section, Denver, for defendant-appellee.

DUBOFSKY, Justice.

Fred T. Hiller, III, a licensed real estate broker, appeals the district court order affirming the Real Estate Commission's suspension of his broker's license for violations of section 12-61-113(1)(n) and (t), C.R.S.1973 (1978 Repl. Vol. 5). ¹ We reverse.

Lorraine Fetzer, whose complaint to the Real Estate Commission prompted this suspension action, listed her home in Golden for sale through her broker, Paul Churchill. Hiller, and his wife, Flora, wanted to purchase the Fetzer home, but in order to do so, Hiller needed to sell a condominium he owned in Dillon. Churchill agreed to buy Hiller's condominium in Dillon, and Hiller agreed to list a house his wife owned at 3035 DeFrame Road in Golden with Churchill. On March 26, 1977, Hiller and Fetzer signed a receipt and option contract for the sale of Fetzer's home, and Hiller gave Churchill a check for $10,000 as earnest money. Also on March 26, 1977, Churchill and Hiller signed a receipt and option contract for the sale of Hiller's condominium in Dillon. Finally, on the same day, Hiller and Churchill signed an exclusive right to sell listing contract for the house at 3035 DeFrame Road. All of these contracts were subject to an addendum signed by Churchill, Hiller and Fetzer describing the division between Churchill and Hiller of the commissions to be paid on each sale. On the sale of Fetzer's home, Churchill was to receive 60% of the commission and Hiller 40%. In addition, the contract on the sale of the Fetzer home was made expressly contingent upon:

"Paul Churchill's purchase of Lakeview condo. in Dillon, Fred & wife's listing of their property at 3035 DeFrame Rd. Lorraine Fetzer's being able to enter a contract for purchase of Meadow Creek patio home. Contracts for the above to be a part of this contract. Closings to coincide."

On March 29, Fetzer's offer to purchase a Meadow Creek patio home was accepted. All closings were scheduled for July 1, 1977.

On July 1, Hiller informed Churchill that he did not have the money to close. Fetzer refused to give Hiller a written extension, but subsequently consented to be present at a second attempt to close on July 14, 1977. Hiller appeared at the July 14th closing without sufficient funds to close and without the releases required to make his title to the Dillon condominium merchantable. Consequently, all of the closings failed, and Fetzer and Churchill split Hiller's $10,000.00 earnest money deposit. ²

On July 27, 1977, when Hiller discovered that the Fetzer home was under contract to another buyer, he recorded the failed receipt and option contract. Fetzer learned that the contract had been recorded when the title commitment for the sale of her home was issued and she was required to escrow $10,000.00 to complete the sale. In August, 1977, she filed a complaint against Hiller with the Real Estate Commission.

After hearings on the complaint on March 22 and 23, 1978, the hearing officer recommended to the Real Estate Commission that Hiller's broker's license be revoked. The hearing officer found that substantial evidence had been adduced to prove that Hiller signed the contract both as "purchaser" and as "agent" and that he had agreed to split the commission on the sale of the Fetzer home with Churchill. The hearing officer therefore ruled that Hiller was Fetzer's agent and, as such, had violated his fiduciary duty to Fetzer by failing to disclose that 3035 DeFrame was titled in Flora Hiller's name only, by interpreting his contract with Fetzer to be subject to certain contingencies, ³ and by recording the contract on the Fetzer home without notifying Fetzer. ⁴ The hearing officer concluded that such acts violated an agent's fiduciary duty to his principal and constituted unworthy, incompetent and dishonest conduct which damaged Hiller's principal, Fetzer.

The Real Estate Commission, on July 31, 1978, adopted the hearing officer's initial decision that Hiller violated section 12-61-113(1)(n) and (t) and suspended Hiller's broker's license for five years. The district court, in a one sentence opinion, affirmed the Real Estate Commission's action and upheld the constitutionality of the section 12-61-113(1)(n) and (t). ⁵

On appeal, Hiller contends that the statute is unconstitutionally vague, the order of the hearing officer is incorrect as a matter of law, and the evidence is insufficient to suspend his license. We agree that the hearing officer's conclusion that Hiller was Fetzer's agent was incorrect. Absent the fiduciary duty incumbent on an agent, the evidence of Hiller's misconduct is insufficient to sustain a suspension of his license under section 12-61-113(1)(n) and (t). Since we reverse the district court order because it was not supported by evidence, we express no opinion on the constitutionality of the statute.

The evidence upon which the hearing officer based his determination that Hiller was Fetzer's agent included Hiller's signature as "agent" on the contract to purchase the Fetzer residence. At the top of the standard receipt and option contract, "Fred Hiller" was typed in the blank for the name of the purchaser. The words "for Flora M. Hiller" were printed next to the typewritten "Fred Hiller." At the bottom of the form, the signature of Fred Hiller appears on the line for the purchaser and on the line for "agent." Lorraine Fetzer's signature appears in the space provided for the seller. Next to Hiller's signature as "agent" are typed the words "In cooperatio(sic) with Churchill & Co."

The receipt and option contract reflects on its face that Hiller was acting as the agent of his wife, Flora, who was the purchaser. Whether Hiller also had an interest as purchaser is not clear. The addendum also reflects that Hiller was to share the commission to be paid by Fetzer upon completion of the sale and that Fetzer, Churchill and Hiller all agreed to this. Hiller's signature as agent in cooperation with Churchill & Co., under these circumstances, indicates no more than the parties' intent that Hiller share in Churchill's commission. It would have created a relationship fraught with problems of conflict of interest for Hiller to act as agent for both the seller and the purchaser in this transaction. This is not a necessary or a natural construction of the parties' agreement and we do not adopt such a construction.

Furthermore, much of the conduct which the hearing officer found to constitute unworthiness and incompetency on Hiller's part can be viewed instead as confirmation of the parties' intent that Hiller was not an agent for Fetzer. Thus, lack of explanation by Hiller to Fetzer of the Hiller-Churchill agreement for sale and purchase of the Lakeview condominium in Dillon, upon the performance of which the parties' obligations under the Fetzer-Hiller receipt and option contract expressly were conditioned; lack of explanation that the Hillers' home was titled in Flora Hiller's name alone; and other instances where Hiller did not insure that Fetzer fully understood all of the implications of the transactions can be viewed as conduct confirmatory of the parties' understanding that Hiller was not Fetzer's agent. Absence of a principal-agent relationship between Hiller and Fetzer is further corroborated by Churchill's intimate involvement in the transaction and the fact that, as the record reflects, Fetzer looked to Churchill for information and assistance.

The primary basis for the hearing officer's conclusion that Hiller was acting as Fetzer's agent was the fact that Hiller contracted to share the commission ⁶ on the sale of the house with Fetzer's broker, Churchill. By sharing the commission with Churchill, the hearing officer reasoned, Hiller became Churchill's sub-agent and thus Fetzer's agent as well as a principal in the transaction.

Whether a commission sharing arrangement, without more, would indicate a relationship in the nature of sub-agency, we need not consider, ⁷ for here the agreement on its face and the manner in which the parties acted in efforts to perform it, satisfy us that no sub-agency relationship was created between Churchill and Hiller.

Once the hearing officer had concluded that Hiller was the agent of Fetzer, he found that Hiller owed Fetzer a fiduciary obligation to disclose all material information, citing Lestoque v. M. R. Mansfield, Inc., 36 Colo.App. 32, 536 P.2d 1146 (1975); Koller v. Belote, 12 Wash.App. 194, 528 P.2d 1000 (1974); Travagilante v. J. W....