Holden v. State

• Decision Date: 28 September 2001
• Citation: 820 So.2d 158
• Parties: Kingy Ossarius HOLDEN v. STATE of Alabama.
• Court: Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals

820 So.2d 158

Kingy Ossarius HOLDEN v. STATE of Alabama.

CR-00-0031.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.

September 28, 2001.

J. Yusuf Hood, Bessemer, for appellant.

Bill Pryor, atty. gen., and Robin Blevins, asst. atty. gen., for appellee.

SHAW, Judge.

The appellant, Kingy Ossarius Holden, appeals from the trial court's order revoking his probation. On May 6, 1999, Holden pleaded guilty to possession of marijuana in the first degree, a violation of § 13A-12-213, Ala. Code 1975. He was sentenced as a youthful offender to two years' imprisonment; the sentence was suspended, and he was placed on probation for two years.

On May 18, 2000, Monika A. Morris, Holden's probation officer, filed a delinquency report, alleging that Holden had violated the terms and conditions of his probation by: (1) committing a new offense related to dogfighting; (2) changing his address without permission of his probation officer; and (3) failing to avoid injurious or vicious habits and/or people of disreputable character. After a hearing, the trial court revoked Holden's probation —for changing his address without the permission of his probation officer and for failing to avoid injurious or vicious habits and/or people of disreputable character— and ordered that Holden serve his original two-year sentence.

I.

Holden contends that the trial court erred in revoking his probation because, he says, the State failed to present sufficient evidence to reasonably satisfy the court that he had violated the terms and conditions of his probation. Holden did not object to the sufficiency of the State's evidence before, during, or after the revocation hearing; therefore, this issue was not preserved for review. See, e.g., Wright v. State, 717 So.2d 444 (Ala. Crim.App.1998); Wadsworth v. State, 706 So.2d 858 (Ala.Crim.App.1997); and Rivers v. State, 689 So.2d 990 (Ala.Crim.App. 1996).

II.

Holden also contends that the trial court abused its discretion by revoking his probation and ordering him to serve the remainder of his original sentence in confinement instead of imposing a "less onerous" sanction, such as modifying or extending his probation under Rule 27.6, Ala. R.Crim.P. (Holden's brief at p. 10.)

Although Rule 27.6(d), Ala. R.Crim.P., provides that a trial court may "revoke, modify, or continue probation" if it finds that a probationer has violated the terms and conditions of his probation, whether revocation and imposition of the original sentence or some other disposition is appropriate is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court. Absent a clear abuse of discretion, a reviewing court will not disturb a trial court's conclusions in a probation-revocation proceeding, including the determination whether to revoke, modify, or continue the probation. See, e.g., Ex parte J.J.D., 778 So.2d 240 (Ala.2000) (holding that a trial court's order in a probation-revocation proceeding will not be reversed absent a clear abuse of discretion); and Moore v. State 432 So.2d 552, 553 (Ala.Crim.App.1983), quoting Wright v. State, 349 So.2d 124, 125 (Ala.Crim.App.1977) (holding that "`[o]nly a gross abuse of discretion will justify the reviewing court in disturbing the trial court's conclusions'"). A trial court abuses its discretion only when its decision is based on an erroneous conclusion of law or where the record contains no evidence on which it rationally could have based its decision. See State v. Jude, 686 So.2d 528 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. quashed, 686 So.2d 536 (Ala.1996), citing Dowdy v. Gilbert Eng'g Co., 372 So.2d 11 (Ala.1979). At the probation-revocation hearing, the State presented testimony that Holden changed his address without permission of his probation officer; that he was seen frequenting an address where police discovered evidence of illegal dogfighting; and that, at that same address, documents were discovered linking Holden to a convicted felon. Based on the record, we find no abuse of the trial court's discretion in its decision to revoke Holden's probation and to reinstate his original sentence.

III.

Finally, Holden contends that the trial court's order revoking his probation was insufficient because, he says, the trial court failed to state the reasons it was revoking his probation or the evidence it relied on in doing so. Although Holden did not object at trial to the sufficiency of the trial court's order, it is well settled that "`the adequacy of a written order of revocation can be raised for the first time on appeal.'" Durr v. State, 807 So.2d 595 (Ala.Crim.App.2001), quoting Owens v. State, 728 So.2d 673, 680 (Ala.Crim.App. 1998).

"`In accordance with Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 93 S.Ct. 1756, 36 L.Ed.2d 656 (1973), Armstrong v. State, 294 Ala. 100, 312 So.2d 620 (1975), and Wyatt v. State, 608 So.2d 762 (Ala.1992), before probation can be revoked, an Alabama trial court must provide a written order stating the evidence and the reasons relied upon to revoke probation.' Trice v. State, 707 So.2d 294, 295 (Ala. Crim.App.1997). `These requirements offer the probationer some protection from an abuse of discretion by the trial court, aid an appellate court in reviewing a revocation, and prevent future revocations based on the same conduct.' T.H.B. v. State, 649 So.2d 1323, 1324 (Ala.Crim.App.1994)."

Chenault v. State, 777 So.2d 314, 316-17 (Ala.Crim.App.2000).

Here, the trial court's order revoking Holden's probation was a printed form included with the case action summary, which read, in pertinent part:

"Upon consideration of the evidence presented by the State at the Defendant's probation revocation hearing; specifically that

"(1) Changing address without permission of Probation Officer;

"(2) Failure to avoid injurious and vicious habits or people of disreputable character

"the Court hereby finds that the Defendant violated the rules of probation/work release."

(C. 9.)

Contrary to Holden's claim, the order properly stated the reasons for revoking Holden's probation—that Holden had changed his address without permission from his probation officer and that Holden had failed to avoid injurious or vicious habits and/or people of disreputable character. However, the order failed to adequately state the evidence the court relied upon in revoking Holden's probation. In James v. State, 729 So.2d 364 (Ala.Crim. App.1998), we stated:

"Here, although the trial court's written order adequately recites the reasons for revoking the appellant's probation, the order fails to adequately specify the evidence it relied upon. We have consistently found general recitations by the trial court to its considerations of the `testimony,' `sworn testimony,' or `relevant and competent evidence' presented at the revocation hearing to be insufficient for purposes of satisfying the `statement of the evidence relied upon' requirement of Armstrong. See McCloud v. State, 736 So.2d 1131 (Ala. Crim.App.1998); Thornton v. State, 728 So.2d 1162 (Ala.Crim.App.1998); Scarbrough v. State, 709 So.2d 82 (Ala.Crim. App.1997); and Hairgrove v. State, 668 So.2d 887 (Ala.Crim.App.1995). Thus, the trial court failed to adequately specify the evidence relied upon in revoking the appellant's probation by stating only that it had `heard testimony and arguments of counsel.'"

729 So.2d at 365. Furthermore, in Blankenship v. State, 749 So.2d 481 (Ala.Crim. App.1999), this Court held that "[t]he mere statement in an order that the trial court considered the evidence presented by the state does not satisfy the due process requirements of Rule 27.6(f), Ala.R.Crim.P." 749 So.2d at 482. In Blankenship, the trial court used a printed form identical to the form used in this case. Therefore, the trial court's order, stating only that it relied on "the evidence presented by the State at the...