Holder v. Holder

• Decision Date: 17 November 1987
• Docket Number: No. 877DC314,877DC314
• Citation: 361 S.E.2d 891,87 N.C.App. 578
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals
• Parties: Billie E. HOLDER v. Layon B. HOLDER.

Page 891

361 S.E.2d 891

87 N.C.App. 578

Billie E. HOLDER v. Layon B. HOLDER.

No. 877DC314.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

Nov. 17, 1987.

Knox and Kornegay by Howard A. Knox, Jr., Rocky Mount, for plaintiff-appellee.

Moore, Diedrick, Carlisle and Hester by J. Edgar Moore, Rocky Mount, for defendant-appellant.

BECTON, Judge.

I

This is an appeal from a court-ordered child support modification, an equitable distribution of marital property, and an award of attorney fees.

Plaintiff, Billie E. Holder, and Defendant, Layon B. Holder, were married on 10 May 1971 and separated on 22 December 1982. A 21 February 1983 order of Edgecombe County District Court awarded the plaintiff wife custody of the parties' minor child, Layon Buie Holder, denied the plaintiff's request for alimony pendente lite, and directed the defendant husband to pay child support of $300.00 monthly and Plaintiff's attorney's fees of $150.00. The court found facts regarding the respective incomes of the parties but made no findings on their expenses or estates, nor findings concerning the needs of the child. Apparently neither party appealed from that order.

Plaintiff instituted an action for absolute divorce on 17 September 1984 and simultaneously filed motions for an increase in child support, permanent alimony, an equitable distribution of marital property, and attorney fees. Judgment of divorce was entered on 12 December 1986. Following a hearing, a separate order was entered the same day increasing Defendant's child support payments to $550.00 per month, dividing the marital real estate, reawarding custody of the child to Plaintiff, denying her request for alimony, and directing Defendant to pay $750.00 for his wife's attorney fees.

Defendant appeals from the 12 December 1986 order, challenging the sufficiency of the findings of fact supporting the child support modification, equitable distribution, and award of attorney fees, and, further, alleging error in the trial judge's failure to divide personal property and in his consideration of marital fault in the equitable distribution proceeding. For the reasons discussed hereafter, we vacate those portions of the order relating to child support, equitable distribution, and attorney fees, and remand for further proceedings.

II Child Support Modification

Defendant first contends that the trial court's findings do not support the child support award.

Before ordering an increase in child support, the trial court must find facts, supported by competent evidence, which show that there has been a substantial change of circumstances affecting the welfare of the child. E.g., Ebron v. Ebron, 40 N.C.App. 270, 252 S.E.2d 235 (1979). The court must hear evidence and make findings of specific facts regarding actual past expenditures and present reasonable expenses, in order to determine the "reasonable needs" of the child. E.g., Norton v. Norton, 76 N.C.App. 213, 332 S.E.2d 724 (1985); Walker v. Tucker, 69 N.C.App. 607, 317 S.E.2d 923 (1984); Newman v. Newman, 64 N.C.App. 125, 306 S.E.2d 540, disc. rev. denied, 309 N.C. 822, 310 S.E.2d 351 (1983). Furthermore, to properly determine the parents' relative ability to supply the necessary support, the court must hear evidence and make specific factual findings regarding "the parents' income, estates (e.g., savings; real estate holdings, including fair market value and equity; stocks; and bonds) and present reasonable expenses." Newman at 128, 306 S.E.2d at 542. See Little v. Little, 74 N.C.App. 12, 327 S.E.2d 283 (1985); Walker; Poston v. Poston, 40 N.C.App. 210, 252 S.E.2d 240 (1979).

In the present case, the sole finding of fact regarding a change of circumstances is a general finding that the child is older and that inflation has occurred, which, standing alone, is inadequate to support an order of increased support payments. See Willis v. Bowers, 56 N.C.App. 244, 287 S.E.2d 424 (1982); Waller v. Waller, 20 N.C.App. 710, 202 S.E.2d 791 (1974). Other than an "example" relating to a recent purchase of shoes and clothing costing approximately $150.00, there are no specific findings regarding actual past expenditures or current expenses to support the court's conclusory "finding" that the child's reasonable present expenses are $635.00 per month, or to show that his needs have increased since the prior support order was entered.

Nor do the findings demonstrate any substantial change in the relative ability of the parents to pay support. Although there are findings respecting the incomes, debts, and assets of each parent, some of these are incomplete or involve vague approximations. For example, a finding that Defendant has income from rental property fails to state the net amount or to take into account the equitable distribution made of that property in the same order. Moreover, the only findings as to the reasonable expenses of each parent are conclusory unsupported statements that Plaintiff has approximate monthly expenses of $875.00 and that the Defendant's living expenses are "nominal."

Since the evidence before the trial court is not brought forward in the record, we cannot ascertain whether sufficient evidence was presented from which the trial court could make the additional required findings. Consequently, we vacate that portion of the award modifying child support, and remand so that the trial court may make further findings, hearing additional testimony if necessary, and enter an appropriate order.

III

Equitable Distribution

A

Defendant first contends that because the trial court found facts relating to fault on the part of Defendant but failed to award alimony to Plaintiff, the court erroneously considered marital fault in the equitable distribution of marital assets, in violation of the court's ruling in Smith v. Smith, 314 N.C. 80, 331 S.E.2d 682 (1985). This argument is without merit.

Based in part on his findings regarding fault, the trial judge concluded that "technically the Plaintiff should be awarded some permanent alimony," but failed to order alimony due to the "practicality and economics of this case." Furthermore, the court listed in its order the factors it considered in distributing the marital property, and marital fault is not one of them. We find nothing in the record tending to show that the court impermissibly considered fault of either party in the property distribution. This assignment of error is overruled.

B

Defendant next contends that the court erred by failing to include personal property in the equitable distribution of assets. The trial court found as a fact and concluded as a matter of law that "all personal property ha[d] heretofore been mutually divided" and that there was "no reason for the court to address that as an issue." Accordingly, the court divided only the real property of the parties in its order.

Under the equitable distribution statute, the trial court must enforce agreements providing for the distribution of marital property that are "written ..., duly executed, and acknowledged in accordance with the provisions of G.S. 52-10 and 52-10.1." N.C.Gen.Stat.Sec. 50-20(d) (1984). However, a simple oral division of marital property is not binding on the parties. See Peak v. Peak, 82 N.C.App. 700, 348 S.E.2d 353 (1986); Weaver v. Weaver, 72 N.C.App. 409, 324 S.E.2d 915 (1985). See also McIntosh v. McIntosh, 74 N.C.App. 554, 328 S.E.2d 600 (1985) (contemporaneous inquiry of parties by trial court required before accepting oral stipulations regarding distribution of marital property).

We find no evidence of a written agreement in the record before us, nor any affirmative assurance that the parties were in agreement concerning the division of personal property. Hence, we hold that the trial court's reliance on the parties' oral agreement or existing division of personal property was error and that any marital personal property should have been included in the equitable distribution. That portion of the order relating to the distribution of property is thus vacated. On remand, the trial court must hear evidence and make findings regarding the existence, nature, and net value of any personal property at the time of separation, and classify that property as separate or marital. Then the court must include the net value of the marital personal property in its equitable distribution of the marital assets.

C

Defendant further questions the adequacy of findings concerning the marital real estate. He...