Holt v. Doty
| Decision Date | 04 April 1922 |
| Docket Number | 34450 |
| Citation | 187 N.W. 550,193 Iowa 582 |
| Parties | A. P. HOLT et al., Appellants, v. JAMES J. DOTY et al., Appellees |
| Court | Iowa Supreme Court |
Appeal from Page District Court.--J. B. ROCKAFELLOW, Judge.
ACTION to recover liquidated damages based upon an alleged breach of a real estate contract. The trial court sustained demurrers to plaintiff's petition and entered judgment for costs Plaintiffs appeal.
Affirmed.
Tinley Mitchell, Pryor, Ross & Mitchell and J. J. Ferguson, for appellants.
Ferguson Barnes & Ferguson, for appellees.
DE GRAFF, J.
Plaintiffs by petition allege that an agreement to sell certain described real estate was executed November 30, 1918 between them as purchasers, and James J. Doty, as vendor. The deal was not consummated and by reason of the refusal of the defendants to perform, as alleged, plaintiffs seek to recover liquidated damages in the sum of $ 10,000 as stipulated in the contract.
The defendant James J. Doty put the petition in question by a demurrer in which he stated the following grounds:
"1. The contract upon which plaintiffs rely for recovery provides that said defendant is to perform different acts of varying importance, among which are, in effect, the following: a. To pay $ 100,000 by mortgage; b. To convey five different pieces of real estate; c. To loan $ 60,000; d. To clear the real estate conveyed of liens; e. To give possession of the real estate on March 1, 1919; f. To deposit deeds before January 15, 1919; g. To furnish abstracts showing good title; h. To pay taxes.
That, as construed by plaintiffs in their petition, the contract provides that said defendant shall pay $ 10,000 to the plaintiffs for breach of performance of any one of said agreements by the language reading:
'For the true and faithful performance of all and every one of the covenants and agreements above mentioned, the parties to these presents bind themselves unto each other in the penal sum of ten thousand ($ 10,000) dollars as liquidated damages to be paid to the failing party.'
That by reason thereof the said clause amounts to specifying a sum certain as damages of any one of several stipulations when the losses resulting from such breaches must necessarily be different, and therefore fixes and contemplates a penalty and not liquidated damages.
2. Under the contract the sum stipulated as liquidated damages is out of all reasonable proportion to the loss sustained or reasonably to be anticipated by reason of breach of any one of the stipulations contained in the contract set out, or all of them. and amounts to a penalty, and not liquidated damages.
3. Under the contract, one of the stipulations is for the loan of money, and the only damages which the law allows for breach of such condition is interest.
4. Under the contract, one of the stipulations is for the payment and securing of money, and the only damages which the law allows for a breach of such condition is interest.
5. On its face, the contract does not provide for the payment of liquidated damages to the plaintiffs for breach of contract by the defendants.
6. On its face, the contract is a mere option, and the said defendant was under no obligation to accept the same or to perform the stipulations of the same on his part, and had a right to elect to perform or not to perform, at his option.
7. The petition fails to show that plaintiffs performed, or attempted to perform, their part of the contract as required therein."
The defendant Lema M. Doty filed an identical demurrer with the following additional ground:
"Petition on its face shows that said defendant Lema M. Doty has not in any manner by said contract bound herself to perform any stipulation of said contract, and that the stipulation in regard to liquidated damages contained therein does not apply to her in any way, and that the said Lema M. Doty has in no wise breached or failed to perform any part of said contract."
These demurrers were sustained generally, and the plaintiffs electing to stand on their petition, judgment for costs was entered against them.
I. The first question presented on this appeal involves the sufficiency of the assignment of error and also the propositions or points made by appellant. But one assignment or statement of error is made and in these words:
"The court erred in sustaining the demurrers, filed separately, by the defendants herein, and in determining by such ruling that the contract sued upon provides for a penalty and not for liquidated damages."
Following this assignment of error under the head of "Brief" there appears six points or propositions all of which refer and relate to the question of liquidated damages, except one which in argument is made to refer to the same matter.
It will be observed that there were other and different grounds in both demurrers which are not the subject of attack by appellant in assignment or brief points. There is no showing in the record that the trial court based its decision on the grounds which have reference to liquidated damages. The ruling of the court is as follows:
Appellants' assignment of error may be considered as a general assignment or what is usually termed an omnibus assignment. For the purposes of this appeal we prefer to treat the assignment as one strictly limited to the claim of error in the ruling of the court on the matter of liquidated damages.
It is apparent that there is nothing in the ruling of the court from which this court can determine upon what grounds the demurrers were sustained, or if on any particular ground, which one. The presumption exists in favor of the correctness of the ruling of the trial court. If the ruling of the court could be made on one or more sufficient grounds, even though it appears that some one or more grounds are insufficient, this court presumes that the ruling was based on the sufficient ground. Worthington v. Olden, 31 Iowa 419; Pickrell v. Hiatt, 81 Iowa 537, 46 N.W. 1062; Reeves & Co. v. Lamm Bros., 120 Iowa 283, 94 N.W. 839; Chase v. Stearns. (Iowa) 96 N.W. 1123. It is from the judgment entered that this appeal is taken and not from the reasons which controlled the court in entering that judgment. Vincent v. Ellis, 116 Iowa 609, 88 N.W. 836.
This court has recently held under the present rule of this court (No. 53) that error relied upon must be pointed out; and, although assignments of error as such are no longer essential to a review of the ruling of the district court, we are entitled to know what errors are relied upon for a reversal. This much at least is exacted by Rule 53 of this court.
The new rule emphasizes the points or propositions involved in the appeal. The criterion is not whether the errors relied on are stated as required by the former rule, but whether the questions appear in the points or propositions following the recital of rulings claimed to be erroneous. If...
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