Hyslop v. Wojjusik

• Decision Date: 29 October 2002
• Docket Number: Docket No. 230279.
• Citation: 252 Mich. App. 500,652 N.W.2d 517
• Parties: Otto HYSLOP, Sr., and Helen Hyslop, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Jennie Denise WOJJUSIK, Defendant-Appellant, and Judy Ann Champlin, Defendant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

652 N.W.2d 517

252 Mich. App. 500

Otto HYSLOP, Sr., and Helen Hyslop, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Jennie Denise WOJJUSIK, Defendant-Appellant, and Judy Ann Champlin, Defendant.

Docket No. 230279.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted July 16, 2002, at Lansing.

Decided August 13, 2002, at 9:05 a.m.

Released for Publication October 29, 2002.

Jeffery T. Lyon, Cheboygan, for the plaintiffs.

Chasnis, Dogger & Grierson, P.C. (by Mark Grierson), Saginaw, for the defendant.

Before: MURRAY, P.J., and MURPHY and MICHAEL J. KELLY, JJ.

MICHAEL J. KELLY, J.

Defendant Jennie Denise Wojjusik appeals as on leave granted¹ from an order entered by the trial court denying her motion to quash the third summons and for summary disposition. We reverse.

I. Basic Facts and Procedural History

The essential facts are undisputed. On October 2, 1998, plaintiffs filed their complaint alleging negligence and loss of consortium arising out of a motor vehicle accident that occurred on October 27, 1995, in which defendant, the driver of the vehicle, struck a vehicle driven by plaintiffs' son and in which plaintiff Otto Hyslop, Sr., was a passenger. The first summons, issued upon the filing of plaintiffs' complaint, expired on January 1, 1999.

On December 23, 1998, plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the trial court issue a new summons and permit plaintiffs to achieve service on defendant by publication pursuant to MCR 2.106 and MCR 2.105(I). Plaintiffs argued that they were unable to locate defendant and could not effectuate service in accord with MCR 2.105(A). In addition to their motion for publication, plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the trial court issue a new summons. Referencing the motion for alternate service by publication, plaintiffs argued that they could not achieve service on defendant before the summons expired.

By order dated January 8, 1999, the trial court directed that a new summons issue with an April 30, 1999, expiration date. At this point in the proceedings, the original summons expired. However, even though the trial court had not yet rendered a ruling or entered an order allowing plaintiffs to serve defendant by publication, the order issued by the trial court indicated that the expiration date contained in the second summons would allow sufficient time for plaintiffs to achieve service by publication. In accordance with the trial court's order, a second summons, effective January 8, 1999, until April 30, 1999, issued.

On January 19, 1999, the trial court held a hearing on plaintiffs' motion for service by publication and thereafter denied plaintiffs' request for relief, directing plaintiffs to make additional investigation into defendant's whereabouts.

On April 13, 1999, plaintiffs filed a motion to allow a first amended complaint to add Judy Ann Champlin, owner of the vehicle the defendant was driving at the time of the accident, as a party defendant. In addition, plaintiffs filed motions requesting an order allowing service of process by publication and requesting that the trial court authorize the clerk to issue a new summons.

On April 19, 1999, the trial court heard oral argument on plaintiffs' motions. By order dated April 23, 1999, the trial court permitted plaintiffs to file a first amended complaint and also permitted plaintiffs to achieve service on defendant by publication. Moreover, the trial court ruled that a new summons with a July 30, 1999, expiration date should issue. The order allowing service by publication directed plaintiffs to publish notice within fifteen days from entry of the order and to thereafter publish once a week for three consecutive weeks.² The order further directed defendant to answer by June 15, 1999. In accordance with the trial court's ruling, a "third" summons, effective April 26, 1999, until July 30, 1999, issued.

Defendant's counsel filed a limited appearance and a motion to quash the third summons and to dismiss the case on the grounds that the trial court lacked the authority to issue a third summons under MCR 2.102(D) and, therefore, a dismissal was required pursuant to MCR 2.102(E). Defendant further cited MCR 2.116(C)(1), (2), and (3) in support of summary disposition.

On July 8, 1999, the trial court heard defendant's motion to quash and for summary disposition. The trial court denied the motion. The trial court reasoned that pursuant to MCR 2.102(D), it had the authority to extend the life of the second summons up to one year from the date that plaintiffs filed their complaint. The trial court explained its reluctance to extend the summons to the fullest extent lest the parties procrastinate and create unfounded delay in the proceedings. The trial court further explained that it would not dismiss the case on the basis of a hypertechnical reading of the court rule. The trial court noted that the "third" summons is more appropriately characterized as nothing more than an extension or amendment of the second summons. To that end, the trial court stated that the "best way to interpret [MCR 2.102(D) ].... would be to interpret [it] as authorizing subsequent efforts or subsequent refreshing of the summons at the discretion of the Court upon good cause shown." The trial court denied defendant's motion to quash the summons and dismiss plaintiffs' complaint. Defendant moved for reconsideration and the trial court, finding no palpable error, denied defendant's motion. Defendant now appeals as on leave granted.

II. Standard of Review

This Court reviews interpretation of the court rules de novo. In re Gosnell, 234 Mich.App. 326, 333, 594 N.W.2d 90 (1999). The rules governing statutory interpretation apply equally to the interpretation of court rules. Yudashkin v. Holden, 247 Mich.App. 642, 649, 637 N.W.2d 257 (2001). If the plain and ordinary meaning of the language employed is clear, then judicial construction is neither necessary nor permitted, and unless explicitly defined, every word or phrase should be accorded its plain and ordinary meaning, considering the context in which the words are used. Id. at 649-650, 637 N.W.2d 257. This Court reviews de novo a trial court's ruling on a motion for summary disposition. Spiek v. Dep't of Transportation, 456 Mich. 331, 337, 572 N.W.2d 201 (1998).

III. Analysis

Defendant argues that the trial court lacked the authority to issue a third summons under MCR 2.102(D) and MCR 2.102(E) and, thus, that the trial court was required to dismiss plaintiffs' complaint without prejudice. We agree.

MCR 2.102(A), (C), (D), and (E) respectively provide in relevant part:

(A) On the filing of a complaint, the court clerk shall issue a summons to be served as provided in MCR 2.103 and 2.105....

(C) At any time on terms that are just, a court may allow process or proof of service of process to be amended, unless it clearly appears that to do so would materially prejudice the substantive rights of the party against whom the process issued. An amendment relates back to the date of the original issuance or service of process unless the court determines that relation back would unfairly prejudice the party against whom the process issued.

(D) A summons expires 91 days after the date the complaint is filed. However, within that 91 days, on a showing of good cause, the judge to whom the action is assigned may order a second summons to issue for a definite period not exceeding 1 year from the date the complaint is filed. If such an extension is granted, the new summons expires at the end of the extended period ....

(E)(1) On the expiration of the summons as provided in subrule (D), the action is deemed dismissed without prejudice as to a defendant who has not been served with process as provided in these rules, unless the defendant has submitted to the court's jurisdiction.... [Emphasis added.]

A plain and ordinary reading of MCR 2.102 does not provide the authority to issue a so-called "third" summons. Rather, MCR 2.102(D) authorizes the court clerk to issue a summons upon the filing of a complaint, which summons remains in effect for ninety-one days from the date that it was issued, and authorizes the trial court, upon good cause shown and within the ninety-one-day period, to issue a second summons for a definite period, not to exceed one year from the date that the original complaint was filed. MCR 2.102(D) makes it abundantly clear that when the "definite period" contained in the second summons passes, then the new summons "expires." And, according to the unequivocal language set forth in MCR 2.102(E)(1), "the action is deemed dismissed without prejudice." In the case sub judice, the second summons expired by its own terms on April 30, 1999.

Plaintiffs argue that because MCR 2.102(D) references the "extension" of a summons in relation to the issuance of a second summons, the second summons is thus merely an extension of the original. Plaintiffs contend that the "third" summons at issue is simply a supplementary extension of the original or a first extension of the second. Alternatively, plaintiffs submit that in accord with MCR 2.102(C), this "third" summons may be considered as an amendment of the second summons. We disagree.

Plaintiffs could only extend the original summons by filing a motion within the initial ninety-one-day period. MCR 2.102(D). In the instant case, the initial ninety-one days lapsed on January 1, 1999. Within that initial ninety-one-day period, counsel properly filed a motion to extend the summons. Exercising its discretion, the trial court issued a second summons with a definite expiration date. After January 1, 1999, the initial summons was no longer valid and the second was only valid until April 30, 1999.

Nothing in MCR 2.102(D) provides that filing a motion to extend the second summons before it expires revives the original. Consequently, plaintiffs only had until April 30, 1999, to serve process upon defendant before the case was "deemed dismissed without prejudice." MCR 2.101(E). The...