In re Bozarth

• Decision Date: 15 December 1936
• Docket Number: 26484.
• Citation: 63 P.2d 726,178 Okla. 427,1936 OK 811
• Parties: In re BOZARTH.
• Court: Oklahoma Supreme Court

63 P.2d 726

178 Okla. 427, 1936 OK 811

In re BOZARTH.

No. 26484.

Supreme Court of Oklahoma

December 15, 1936

Syllabus by the Court.

1. It rests exclusively with the Supreme Court of this state "to determine who is qualified to become one of its officers, as an attorney and counselor, and for what cause he ought to be removed. The power, however, is not an arbitrary and despotic one, to be exercised at the pleasure of the court, or from passion, prejudice, or personal hostility; but it is the duty of the court to exercise and regulate it by a sound and just judicial discretion, whereby the rights and independence of the bar may be as scrupulously guarded and maintained by the court, as the rights and dignity of the court itself." Ex parte Secombe, 19 How. 9, 15 L.Ed 565.

2. A fair, private, and professional character is essential to membership in the bar, and such prerequisite qualifications must follow the personality of one who continues to be a member of the bar and their loss by wrongful personal and professional conduct furnishes adequate reason for taking away the privilege of such membership in the bar and pardon will not elude it.

3. It rests exclusively with this court to pass upon the ultimate fitness of those who may enjoy the privilege of continuing the practice of the profession of law and the issuance of an executive pardon cannot encroach upon the court's inherent power over attorneys at law in reference to their removal as members of the bar.

4. Record examined: Respondent disbarred: Respondent's name stricken off the rolls of attorneys.

Proceeding to review an order of the Board of Governors of the State Bar, recommending disbarment of Mark L. Bozarth.

Respondent disbarred.

W. C Alley, of Okmulgee, and George Jennings and L. O. Lytle, both of Sapulpa, for petitioner.

Frank G. Anderson and V. P. Crowe, both of Oklahoma City, for State Bar.

McNEILL Chief Justice.

This is a disbarment proceeding.

Petitioner on December 15, 1933, was convicted in the district court of Oklahoma county of a felony on the charge of obtaining property under false pretenses and was sentenced to pay a fine of $500. An appeal was thereafter perfected to the Criminal Court of Appeals and that court, on October 12 1934, affirmed the judgment rendered by the district court. Bozarth v. State, 56 Okl.Cr. 424, 41 P.2d 924. Thereafter, on November 24, 1934, there was filed by the Board of Commissioners of the State Bar an accusation against petitioner for disbarment by reason of said conviction. Petitioner responded and subsequently filed an amended response setting forth the fact that the Honorable E. W. Marland, Governor of the State of Oklahoma, on March 11, 1935, issued and granted to petitioner a full and free pardon of the offenses charged in said accusation.

Petitioner, at the hearing, introduced testimony of a number of outstanding members of the State Bar, each of whom testified in substance that petitioner's morality and general fitness as a practitioner of the law was good. It was stipulated in said hearing that a number of other witnesses, whose names were set forth, if called and sworn, would testify that petitioner possessed a good general reputation, good moral character, and a general fitness as a practitioner of the law. The Board of Governors recommended to this court that petitioner be disbarred and that his name be stricken off the rolls of the members of the bar of this state.

We do not discuss the felony charge. We confine the opinion to the controlling question of whether the pardon issued by the Governor is a full and complete defense to this proceeding. Counsel for petitioner contends that such a pardon blots out of existence the guilt of petitioner in the eyes of the law as an offender so that he may be considered as innocent as if the offense had never been committed; and that the issuance of such a pardon automatically strips this court of the power and authority to revoke petitioner's license as an attorney at law.

Sir William Blackstone, in his Commentaries on the laws of England, vol. 3, c. 3, p. 23, says:

"For the more speedy, universal, and impartial administration of justice between subject and subject, the law hath appointed a prodigious variety of courts, some with a more limited, others with a more extensive jurisdiction; some constituted to inquire only, others to hear and determine: some to determine in the first instance, others upon appeal and by way of review. * * *"

"* * * No man can practice as an attorney in any of those courts, but such as is admitted and sworn an attorney of that particular court. * * *"

"* * * So early as the statute 4 Hen. IV. c. 18. It was enacted, that attorneys should be examined by the judges, and none admitted but such as was virtuous, learned and sworn to duty. * * *"

"* * * For it is the peculiar business of the court of King's Bench, to superintend all other inferior tribunals, and therein to enforce the due exercise of those judicial or ministerial powers, with which the crown or legislature have invested them; and this, not only by restraining their excesses, but also by quickening their negligence, and obviating their denial of justice. * * *"

In the case of In re Burr, 9 Wheat, 529, 531, 6 L.Ed. 152, the Supreme Court of the United States considered the regularity of the proceedings of the circuit court for the District of Columbia in suspending Mr. Burr from practice for one year.

Mr. Chief Justice Marshall, in speaking for the court in reference to whether the circuit court had exceeded its powers in suspending Mr. Burr because he was put to answer charges not made on oath, said:

"The power is one which ought to be exercised with great caution, but which is, we think, incidental to all courts, and is necessary for the preservation of decorum, and for the respectability of the profession."

In the case of Ex parte Secombe, 19 How. 9, 13, 15 L.Ed. 565, Mr. Justice Taney, in speaking for the Supreme Court of the United States, said:

"And it has been well settled, by the rules and practice of common-law courts, that it rests exclusively with the court to determine who is qualified to become one of its officers, as an attorney and counselor, and for what cause he ought to be removed. The power, however, is not an arbitrary and despotic one, to be exercised at the pleasure of the court, or from passion, prejudice, or personal hostility; but it is the duty of the court to exercise and regulate it by a sound and just judicial discretion, whereby the rights and independence of the bar may be as scrupulously guarded and maintained by the court, as the rights and dignity of the court itself. * * *

Indeed, it is difficult, if not impossible, to enumerate and define, with legal precision, every offence for which an attorney or counselor ought to be removed. And the Legislature, for the most part, can only prescribe general rules and principles to be carried into execution by the court with judicial discretion and justice as cases may arise."

In the case of Selling v. Radford, 243 U.S. 46, 37 S.Ct. 377, 378, 61 L.Ed. 585, Ann.Cas.1917D, 569, the Supreme Court of the United States considered a petition to disbar a member of the bar of that court upon the ground of his previous disbarment by a state court for personal and professional conduct. Mr. Chief Justice White, in discussing the question of the prerequisites to admission to the bar of that court, said:

"Beyond all question, when admission to the Bar of this court is secured, that right may not be taken away except by the action of this court. * * *

While, moreover, it is true that the two conditions-membership of the Bar of the court of last resort of a state and fair private and professional character-are prerequisites to admission here, there is a wide difference in the nature and effect of the two requirements. This follows, because the first, although a prerequisite to admission here, is ephemeral in its operation, since its effect is exhausted upon admission to this Bar which it has served to secure,-a result which becomes manifest by the consideration that although the membership of the Bar of the court of last resort of a state, after admission here, might be lost by change of domicil from one state to another, if so provided by the state law or rule of court, or by any other cause not involving unworthiness, such loss would be wholly negligible upon the right to continue to be a member of the Bar of this court. The second exaction, on the contrary, is not ephemeral, and its influence is not exhausted when the admission based upon it is secured, since the continued possession of a fair private and professional character is essential to the right to be a member of this Bar. It follows, therefore, that the personality of the member and these inherent and prerequisite qualifications for membership of this Bar are indivisible; that is, inseparable. They must, if they exist, follow the personality of one who is a member of the Bar, and hence their loss by wrongful personal and professional conduct, wherever committed, operates everywhere, and must, in the nature of things, furnish adequate reason in every jurisdiction for taking away the right to continue to be a member of the Bar in good standing."

The admission of an attorney to the practice of law is a judicial function and it is of necessity within the inherent power of the court for the reason of selfprotection and respectability of the profession. It is a time-honored privilege to become an officer of the court as an attorney and counselor and the same power which grants the privilege also withdraws the same when the attorney has been found to be unworthy.

It may be conceded that the legislative...