In re CIC Inv. Corp.
| Decision Date | 06 December 1994 |
| Docket Number | BAP No. NV-94-1761-MeAsH. Bankruptcy No. 94-30584-JHT. |
| Citation | 175 BR 52 |
| Parties | In re CIC INVESTMENT CORPORATION, Debtor. FIRST INTERSTATE BANK OF NEVADA, N.A., Appellant, v. CIC INVESTMENT CORPORATION, Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, Ninth Circuit |
Bridget Robb Peck, Reno, NV, for appellant.
William D. Cope and Alan R. Smith, Reno, NV, for appellee.
Before MEYERS, ASHLAND and HAGAN, Bankruptcy Judges.
I
The bankruptcy court allowed a law firm with a prepetition secured claim against the debtor's property to represent that debtor as general counsel in the bankruptcy case. We hold that a professional with a claim secured by the debtor's property should be viewed as not disinterested as a matter of law.
We REVERSE.
II
CIC Investment Corporation ("Debtor") filed for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code ("Code") on April 11, 1991, with Alan Smith of Smith & Cope representing the Debtor. The Debtor's plan of reorganization was confirmed on February 5, 1992. The plan provided that Smith's administrative claim of $37,568.90 was to be paid in cash in the amount of the allowed claim "as soon as practicable on or after the Effective Date." The claim was to bear 12 percent interest per year and was evidenced by a promissory note from Robert and Karen Murphy, secured by a third in priority trust deed on the Debtor's real property on Brinkby Avenue in Reno, Nevada.
On April 19, 1994, the Debtor filed another Chapter 11 proceeding, along with a "List of Secured Creditors" which included Alan Smith of Smith & Cope, with a secured claim of $37,568.90.
On May 9, 1994, the Debtor filed an Application to Employ Attorneys. The Application states: "The law offices of Smith & Cope does not hold or represent an interest adverse to the estate and the members thereof are disinterested persons within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 327(a)." The attached Verified Statement of Attorneys, signed by Alan Smith, provides, "to the best of Affiant's knowledge and belief, he does not hold or represent an interest adverse to the Debtor's estate and he is a disinterested person within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 327(a)."
First Interstate Bank of Nevada ("Bank") brought a motion to disallow the continued employment of Alan Smith as counsel for the Debtor. On June 9, 1994, Smith filed an Amended Application to Employ Attorneys which revealed Smith & Cope's status as a creditor. The bankruptcy court denied the Bank's motion by order entered on June 17, 1994.
On June 27, 1994, the Bank filed a Notice of Appeal and Motion for Leave to Appeal An Interlocutory Order. The Bank was granted leave to appeal.
III
Generally, we review a bankruptcy court's decision to approve an application for employment for abuse of discretion. See In re Crest Mirror & Door Co., Inc., 57 B.R. 830, 831 (9th Cir. BAP 1986). Yet to the extent the interpretation of the Code is involved, this is a legal issue reviewed de novo. Hillis Motors, Inc. v. Hawaii Auto. Dealers' Ass'n, 997 F.2d 581, 585 (9th Cir.1993).
IV
The Bank maintains that Smith & Cope's initial failure to disclose its secured claim in its application for employment as required by Fed.R.Bankr.P. 2014(a), until after the Bank brought this fact to the court's attention, should have precluded its employment.1
Before the June 14 hearing, Smith & Cope filed an amended application for employment which disclosed its claim against the Debtor. The court did not find the original inadequate disclosure so important as to deny employment to Smith & Cope. Apparently, the same creditors were involved in both bankruptcy cases, as the court stated at the June 14 hearing: "Everyone knew you were in the first case."
The bankruptcy court may excuse the original failure to disclose. Complete disclosure is for the court's benefit so that it can scrutinize any adverse interests of the attorney. In re Occidental Fin. Group, 40 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir.1994); In re Film Ventures Intern., Inc., 75 B.R. 250, 253 (9th Cir. BAP 1987); In re Coastal Equities, Inc., 39 B.R. 304, 306-07 n. 2 (S.Cal.1984). If the very court for which the statute was intended to aid finds no need to take remedial measures, there is no reason to second guess that court's broad discretion in this area. In re Film Ventures Intern., supra, 75 B.R. at 253.
The Bank's next argument is that, as a matter of law, Smith & Cope is not disinterested because it holds a prepetition secured claim against the Debtor's property. Code Section 327(a) provides that a professional may not be employed unless it is disinterested and does not hold or represent an interest adverse to the estate. In re Crest Mirror & Door Co., supra, 57 B.R. at 831. Specifically, Section 327(a) provides:
Except as otherwise provided in this section, the trustee, with the court\'s approval, may employ one or more attorneys, accountants, appraisers, auctioneers, or other professional persons, that do not hold or represent an interest adverse to the estate, and that are disinterested persons, to represent or assist the trustee in carrying out the trustee\'s duties under this title.2
In In re Film Ventures Intern., supra, the Panel allowed a secured creditor, an attorney who had represented the debtor in prior litigation, to represent the debtor as special counsel. The Panel stated that by holding a security interest in the debtor's property, special counsel did not have an interest adverse to the estate. 75 B.R. at 252. Rather, counsel shared the debtor's goal of protecting the estate's interest in that property. Id. The Panel noted that general counsel for the debtor could bring an avoidance action at any time attacking the special counsel's lien if it were improper. Id.
This case is distinguishable because it concerns employment of general counsel, rather than special counsel. Here, there is no one with authority to avoid Smith & Cope's lien beside the Debtor's counsel, namely Smith & Cope. Moreover, Film Ventures decided only whether there was an adverse interest within the scope of the representation as special counsel, stating that Section 327(e) "permits post-petition representation by the debtor's pre-petition attorney for a special purpose where he holds no adverse interest to the debtor within the scope of the representation." Id.3 The court did not consider whether the law firm met the disinterestedness requirement for representation as general counsel, as we must do in this case.
The BAP earlier had recognized that representation of both a creditor and the estate raises the possibility of an adverse interest. The Panel in In re Fondiller, 15 B.R. 890, 892 (9th Cir. BAP 1981), appeal dismissed for lack of standing, 707 F.2d 441 (9th Cir. 1983), acknowledged that general counsel for the trustee, in order to accomplish a maximum distribution to creditors, usually must perform services that are adverse to certain individual creditors. For example, creditors' claims should be reviewed to determine which should be disputed, or pre-bankruptcy transactions between the debtor and individual creditors might be investigated to determine whether a preference has occurred. Id. The Panel concluded: "Any number of possible conflicts can be envisioned." Id.
The courts do not agree on whether counsel with a prepetition claim against the debtor is absolutely barred from representing the trustee or debtor in possession as general counsel. The recent case of U.S. Trustee v. Price Waterhouse, 19 F.3d 138, 141 (3rd Cir. 1994), examined the relevant Code provisions and found them unambiguous. Under Section 101(14), a "disinterested person" must be a person who "is not a creditor." The Code defines the term "creditor" as meaning any "entity that has a claim against the debtor that arose at the time of or before the order for relief concerning the debtor." 11 U.S.C. § 101(10)(A). The court found these sections of the Code to unambiguously preclude employment of a professional with a prepetition claim against the estate. U.S. Trustee v. Price Waterhouse, supra, 19 F.3d at 141. The court refused to consider the practical benefits of employing the professional, stating that bankruptcy courts cannot use equitable principles to disregard unambiguous statutory language. 19 F.3d at 142. Accord, In re Pierce, 809 F.2d 1356, 1362-63 (8th Cir.1987); In re Siliconix, Inc., 135 B.R. 378, 380 (N.D.Cal.1991).
A minority of courts disagree, relying on 11 U.S.C. § 1107(b) in holding that a professional with a prepetition claim against the debtor may represent that debtor in the bankruptcy case. See In re Microwave Products of America, Inc., 94 B.R. 971, 974-75 (W.Tenn.1989); In re Viking Ranches, Inc., 89 B.R. 113, 115 (C.Cal.1988); In re Best Western Heritage Inn Partnership, 79 B.R. 736, 740 (E.Tenn.1987). Section 1107(b) states: "Notwithstanding section 327(a) of this title, a person is not disqualified for employment under section 327 of this title by a debtor in possession solely because of such person's employment by or representation of the debtor before the commencement of the case."
Other courts have found that the argument that Section 1107(b) applies to exclude the requirements in Section 327(a) requires an interpretation so "tortured" as to be unacceptable. In re Leisure Dynamics, Inc., 33 B.R. 121, 123 (D.Minn.1983). The court in In re Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., 999 F.2d 969, 971 (6th Cir.1993), noted that Section 1107(b) applies not to all interested persons, but only to those who fail to be disinterested solely because of prior employment. Section 1107(b) was deemed "a narrow exception, meant to apply only when the sole reason for disqualification is former employment." Id. at 972 (emphasis in original). Similarly, the court in In re Roberts, ...
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