In re Fisher
| Decision Date | 18 May 1931 |
| Citation | 51 F.2d 424 |
| Parties | In re FISHER. |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York |
Hays, Hershfield, Kaufman & Schwabacher, Henry H. Kaufman, and Hyman N. Glickstein, all of New York City, for the Irving Trust Co.
McManus, Ernst & Ernst and Irving L. Ernst, all of New York City, for the bankrupt.
It appears that the witness William Bernstein acted as bankrupt's accountant for a number of years, and, after his admission to the bar, also acted as bankrupt's attorney. Upon the basis of the privilege arising from the attorney-client relationship, he has refused to answer questions relating to bankrupt's books and to produce in evidence monthly account sheets made by accountants in his employ in course of auditing bankrupt's books.
There is no privilege with regard to communications made to accountants. The information given to the witness and to the accountants in his employ for the purpose of making financial statements and doing other work characteristically performed by accountants is not privileged, despite the fact that the witness may also have rendered legal advice on the basis of such data. See Matter of Robinson, 140 App. Div. 329, 125 N. Y. S. 193, where it was held that an attorney for a corporation, who was one of its directors, could not refuse to disclose information about corporate affairs by claiming his professional privilege.
Furthermore, the privilege accorded to an attorney is the privilege of the client and not of the attorney. Baumann v. Steingester, 213 N. Y. 328, 107 N. E. 578, Ann. Cas. 1916C, 1071. For this reason the attorney cannot claim privilege where the client has already disclosed the substance of the communication. Baumann v. Steingester, supra. Nor can he claim privilege where the communication was made with the understanding that it was to be imparted to third parties. Rosseau v. Bleau, 131 N. Y. 177, 30 N. E. 52, 27 Am. St. Rep. 578.
In the case at bar it appears that the bankrupt has already testified with respect to the matters contained in his books and records. And the income tax returns and financial statements drawn up from the communications made by bankrupt to the witness were obviously intended to be communicated to others.
For these reasons, the witness should be directed to testify with regard to the bankrupt's books and to produce in evidence the monthly work sheets made by the accountants.
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United States v. Schoeberlein
...and had therefore lost any privilege they may otherwise have had. See United States v. Threlkeld, supra, 241 F.Supp. 326; In re Fisher, 51 F.2d 424 (S.D.N.Y.1931). Moreover, the several items sought by the government are excluded from the protection of the claimed privilege for other reason......
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Olender v. United States
...to one who was both an attorney and accountant where made solely to enable the practitioner to audit the client's books, In re Fisher, D.C.S. D.N.Y., 51 F.2d 424; or to simply prepare a federal income tax return. Clayton v. Canida, Tex.Civ.App., 223 S.W. 2d 264; see also United States v. Ch......
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...is the work of an attorney. These cases have arisen usually in the situation where the attorney is also an accountant. In re Fisher, 51 F.2d 424 (S.D.N.Y.1931); Olender v. United States, 210 F.2d 795 (9th Cir. 1954). These cases reject the attorney-client privilege protection for the prepar......
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Matter of Featherworks Corp.
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