In re Mec Steel Buildings, Inc., Bankruptcy No. B-90-03042(ESL)
| Decision Date | 30 January 1992 |
| Docket Number | Adv. No. 91-0019.,Bankruptcy No. B-90-03042(ESL) |
| Citation | 136 BR 606 |
| Parties | In re MEC STEEL BUILDINGS, INC., Debtors. MEC STEEL BUILDINGS, INC., Plaintiff, v. SAN LORENZO CONSTRUCTION CORP., Defendant. |
| Court | U.S. Bankruptcy Court — District of Puerto Rico |
Charles A. Cuprill-Hernandez, Ponce, Puerto Rico, for plaintiff.
Francisco J. Cobián, Cobián & Ramos, San Juan, Puerto Rico, for defendant.
This case is before the Court upon a Motion to Dismiss filed by defendant San Lorenzo Construction Corp. Defendants allege that the issue in dispute in the present case constitutes a non-core matter, and thus, the bankruptcy court lacks subject matter jurisdiction to enter a final order or judgment. Defendants state that because "plaintiff is pursuing a collection of monies for alleged events that occurred practically one year prior to the bankruptcy petition . . . the complaint should be dismissed as the matter is essentially non-core" (docket # 5). Defendant adds that when confronted with a non-core matter the bankruptcy court is limited to enter proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law to the district court, and this matter would be best decided by a state court because the applicable law is state law and not bankruptcy law.
In turn, plaintiff/debtor Mec Steel Buildings, Inc. in the Answer to the Motion to Dismiss alleges that the instant action constitutes a core proceeding inasmuch as the plaintiffs' claim constitutes property of the debtor's estate. Core proceedings include actions involving the administration of the debtor's estate and orders to turnover property of the estate, among others. Plaintiff explains that this action involves the administration of the estate and the turning over of a matured debt property of the estate and thus it constitutes a core proceeding according to 28 U.S.C.A. § 157(b)(2)(A), (E).
In addition, plaintiff asserts that the court would still have subject matter jurisdiction even if the matter involved here was found to be non-core because it is related to the bankruptcy case and as statutorily provided the court may submit its proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law to the district court. Plaintiff adds that the bankruptcy court would have the authority to issue a final order in a case involving a non-core issue if the parties consent to it.
The facts in this case are not complicated. On June 15, 1990 Mec Steel Buildings, Inc. filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, and as of that date has been managing its affairs and operating its business as a debtor-in-possession.
On March 18, 1991 debtor filed an adversary proceeding against defendant for the collection of the amount of $15,500.00 allegedly owed to them. Plaintiff states in the complaint that on or about May 1988 the parties herein entered into a contract whereby plaintiff agreed to provide services and materials in exchange for the total amount of $370,000.00.1 Allegedly, defendant requested additional services and materials at an additional cost of $15,500.00.2 Defendant paid the initial $370,000.00 owed but never satisfied the $15,500.00 resulting from the additional orders. Plaintiff adds that of that amount, $500.00 are owed since March 30, 1989 and the remainder $15,000.00 are owed since July 18, 1989.
Plaintiff bases its complaint on 11 U.S.C.A. §§ 542(a) and 362(a). Pursuant to § 542(a) defendant must turnover property belonging to the estate unless of inconsequential value or benefit to the estate and § 362(a)(3) stays any act exercising control over property of the estate. Plaintiff further adds that defendant has acted with full knowledge of the filing of the bankruptcy petition.
Core proceedings are those involving matters arising under title 11 or arising in a case under title 11 of the United States Code, that is, they would not exist outside of bankruptcy. 1 Daniel R. Cowans, Bankruptcy Law and Practice § 1.2 at 31 (1989). Core matters, as inherently bankruptcy matters, can be determined by bankruptcy judges. The Judicial Code in § 157(b)(2) presents a non-exclusive list of core matters. 28 U.S.C.A. § 157(b)(2). The list of core matters include matters affecting the administration of the estate, § 157(b)(2)(A); and orders to turn over property of the estate, § 157(b)(2)(E).
On the other hand with regards to matters described as non-core but otherwise related to the bankruptcy case a bankruptcy judge is limited to:
. . . submit proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law to the district court, and any final order or judgment shall be entered by the district judge after considering the bankruptcy judge\'s proposed findings and conclusions and after reviewing de novo those matters to which any party has timely and specifically objected.
28 U.S.C.A. § 157(c)(1). Despite the above stated a bankruptcy judge may enter final orders and judgments concerning non-core but related matters if all parties to the proceeding have consented. 11 U.S.C.A. § 157(c)(2). In re G.S.F. Corp., 938 F.2d. 1467, 1477 (1st Cir.1991) ()
A determination of whether a controversy is core or non-core lies on its relations to the basic functions of the bankruptcy court, and not on the federal or state basis for the claim. In re Arnold Print Works, Inc, 815 F.2d 165, 169 (1st Cir.1987). If the proceeding, by its nature, arises only within the bankruptcy context because it involves a right created by federal bankruptcy law, then it is a core proceeding. In re Wood, 825 F.2d 90, 97 (5th Cir.1987). If an action would survive outside of bankruptcy, and in the absence of bankruptcy would have been initiated in a state or a district court, then it clearly involves a non-core matter. 1 Lawrence P. King et al, Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 3.011civ at 3-27 (15th ed. 1991) citing In re Colorado Energy Supply, Inc., 728 F.2d 1283 (10th Cir.1984).
The non-core related actions referred to by 28 U.S.C.A. § 157(a) are those that "potentially have some effect on the bankruptcy estate, such as altering debtor's rights, liabilities options, or freedom of action, or otherwise have an impact upon the handling and administration of the bankruptcy estate." In re G.S.F. Corp., 938 F.2d at 1475 citing In re Smith, 866 F.2d 576, 580 (3rd Cir.1989). If the determination of the case could have an effect on the bankruptcy estate, it is a related matter. Id.
These classifications and parameters were introduced by the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984 ("BAFJA") as a result of the landmark decision by the Supreme Court in the case of Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co., 458 U.S. 50, 102 S.Ct. 2858, 73 L.Ed.2d 598 (1982). In this case the debtor had brought an action in the bankruptcy court seeking damages for alleged breaches of contract and warranty, along with misrepresentation, coercion and duress. The Supreme Court held unconstitutional the grant of Article III judicial powers upon non-tenured Article I courts. Article I judges do not have the constitutional power to enter final orders without the parties' consent in traditionally common law cases involving state created private rights. As a result of this decision the bankruptcy court may not enter a final determination in those cases that are classified as non-core related matters. The Marathon decision, however, was given a narrow interpretation by subsequent Supreme Court opinions. In re Arnold, 815 F.2d at 166 citing Thomas v. Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., 473 U.S. 568, 105 S.Ct. 3325, 87 L.Ed.2d 409 (1985) and Commodity Futures Trading Com. v. Schor, 478 U.S. 833, 106 S.Ct. 3245, 3251, 92 L.Ed.2d 675 (1986).
In In re Arnold the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit differentiates Marathon type contract claims arising pre-petition from the ones arising post-petition. In Arnold the Court stated that if the claim arises after the filing of the petition it involves a matter directly related to the administration of the estate, thus, it is a core matter upon which a bankruptcy judge has the power to enter final orders. On the other hand, if the claim arose before the filing of the petition it is only a related case and a bankruptcy judge is limited to submit proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law to the district court.
Plaintiff contends that an account receivable claim is a core proceeding because it involves the administration of the estate and the turning over of property of the estate. 28 U.S.C.A. § 157(b)(2)(E). Actions initiated in the bankruptcy court to collect pre-petition account receivables are clearly non-core matters and should not be considered as matters affecting the administration of the estate or actions for the turnover of property of the estate in order to categorize them as core. 1 Lawrence P. King et al, Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 3.01 2biv at 3-51 (15th ed. 1991). By definition, these actions are non-core related proceedings because they existed prior to the filing of the bankruptcy petition, to hold otherwise would be to ignore the Marathon decision. Id. at ¶ 3.012biii, p. 3-44.
This action involves a non-core matter because it was initiated in the bankruptcy court only because it was inherited by the estate when the bankruptcy petition was filed. Furthermore, this is a state law contract claim which arose before the filing of the petition, specifically classified by the Court in In re Arnold as a non-core matter.
It is important to note that an account receivable action such as this one cannot be considered a turnover of property of the estate action as long as there is some doubt as to the defendant's liability. Acolyte Elec. Corp. v. New York, 69 B.R. 155 (Bankr.E.D.N.Y.1986). The Court in Acolyte citing In re Satelco, Inc., 58 B.R. 781 (Bankr.N.D.Tex.1986) held that "actions to collect accounts receivable...
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