In re Miller
| Decision Date | 20 January 2004 |
| Docket Number | No. COA02-1580.,COA02-1580. |
| Citation | 590 S.E.2d 864,162 NC App. 355 |
| Court | North Carolina Court of Appeals |
| Parties | In the Matter of MILLER, a Minor Child. |
No brief filed on behalf of petitioner-appellee, Wayne County Department of Social Services.
Rebekah W. Davis, Raleigh, for respondent-appellant.
No brief filed on behalf of the guardian ad litem.
Respondent Tomiko Shanntell Miller, the mother of four-year-old Devante TyQuez Miller, appeals from the termination of her parental rights. We conclude that the Wayne County Department of Social Services ("DSS") lacked standing to file a petition for termination of parental rights because, at the time of the filing of the petition, DSS did not have custody of the child. We therefore vacate the district court's order terminating Ms. Miller's parental rights for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
In April 2001, DSS received a telephone call from an individual who claimed that respondent had given Devante to Larry and LaSonya Jackson so that the Jacksons could adopt him. Later that month, DSS filed a petition alleging that Devante was neglected and dependent. Although an order does not appear in the record, the court at some point granted custody of Devante to DSS. On 18 June 2001, the district court entered an order adjudicating Devante as neglected and dependent, continuing custody of the child with DSS, and authorizing DSS to place him in the Jacksons' home.
Following a permanency planning hearing on 25 October 2001, the court in an order filed 1 February 2002 found that "Lasonya and Larry Jackson are fit and proper persons to have custody of the juvenile" and ordered "[t]hat the custody of Devante Miller is placed with Lasonya and Larry Jackson." The guardian ad litem ("GAL") who had previously been appointed to represent the interests of Devante was relieved of her duties. In subsequent orders, the district court continued to grant custody of Devante to the Jacksons.
On 1 March 2002, DSS filed a petition to terminate the respondent mother's parental rights (the "TPR petition"). On 7 May 2002, respondent answered the petition, denying the allegations of abandonment and neglect. The court appointed an attorney advocate to represent Devante on 22 May 2002, but did not appoint a new GAL.
On 11 July 2002, the court held an adjudicatory hearing on the TPR petition. The court appointed a GAL on 29 July 2002 and held a dispositional hearing on the TPR petition on 8 August 2002. The court entered an order on 9 August 2002 finding that grounds to terminate respondent's parental rights existed. On 5 September 2002, the court entered an order terminating respondent's parental rights. Respondent filed notice of appeal on 10 September 2002.
Respondent has raised several assignments of error in this appeal, including a contention that DSS lacked standing to initiate a proceeding to terminate her parental rights since DSS did not have custody of the minor child. Standing is jurisdictional in nature and "[c]onsequently, standing is a threshold issue that must be addressed, and found to exist, before the merits of [the] case are judicially resolved." In re Will of Barnes, 157 N.C.App. 144, 155, 579 S.E.2d 585, 592, disc. review denied, appeal dismissed, 357 N.C. 460, 586 S.E.2d 94, 95 (2003). Because we agree that DSS lacked standing, we need not reach respondent's remaining assignments of error.
"Standing is a requirement that the plaintiff [has] been injured or threatened by injury or [has] a statutory right to institute an action." In re Baby Boy Scearce, 81 N.C.App. 531, 541, 345 S.E.2d 404, 410 (1986). In North Carolina, the General Assembly has prescribed by statute who has standing to file a TPR petition. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1103(a) provides:
N.C....
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...issue that must be addressed, and found to exist, before the merits of the case are judicially resolved." In re Miller , 162 N.C. App. 355, 357, 590 S.E.2d 864, 865 (2004). Standing is a question of law which this Court reviews de novo . Neuse River Found., Inc. v. Smithfield Foods, Inc. , ......
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...issue that must be addressed, and found to exist, before the merits of [the] case are judicially resolved.'" In re Miller, 162 N.C.App. 355, 357, 590 S.E.2d 864, 865 (2004) (quoting In re Will of Barnes, 157 N.C.App. 144, 155, 579 S.E.2d 585, 592 (2003)). In North Carolina, standing to file......
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