In re Wey
| Decision Date | 03 November 1986 |
| Docket Number | No. 85-3484.,85-3484. |
| Citation | 66 BR 638 |
| Parties | In re Dan L. WEY, Debtor. Robert L. SULLIVAN, Trustee in Bankruptcy, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. AMERICAN STATE BANK, et al., Defendants-Appellees, and Bank of Carlock, a state banking corporation, Defendant-Appellant. |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Central District of Illinois |
George Chesley, Chesley, Wilson & Prall, Bloomington, Ill., for plaintiff-appellee.
David S. Dunn, Bloomington, Ill., for defendant-appellee.
Bankruptcy appeal.
A question of priorities.
Creditor bank prevails.
This matter comes before the District Court upon an interlocutory appeal pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 8001(b) by the Bank of Carlock from an order of the Bankruptcy Court denying it secured status. The facts are not in dispute; only the posture of Illinois law is at issue.
On June 15, 1984, the Circuit Court of McLean County, Illinois, entered a judgment by confession "with award of execution" in favor of the Bank of Carlock and against the Debtor, Dan Wey, for a sum due under a cognovit.1 The Court, however, reserved the issue of attorney's fees owing the bank and thus retained jurisdiction during the collection period.
Thereafter, the Bank seemingly perfected a lien on certain funds under Ill.Rev. Stat. ch. 110, ¶ 12-707, by causing garnishment summons to be served upon American State Bank. The garnishee, in turn, entered a general appearance to the Creditor's motion for turnover of funds, admitting monies on deposit. Wey also filed a response, acknowledging he had no defense to the indebtedness.2 Proceedings in the Circuit Court were stayed pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 362 on October 29, 1984, when an involuntary petition in bankruptcy was filed against the Debtor.
The Trustee subsequently brought a complaint opposing the Bank's alleged lien and requesting the Bankruptcy Court to declare the funds property of the estate. Although Appellee alleged several reasons for the lien's unenforceability, Bankruptcy Judge Basil Coutrakon granted summary judgment for the Trustee on the ground that execution could not issue upon the judgment sought to be enforced by the garnishment summons since it lacked finality due to the reservation of the attorney's fees question. The Court declined to address the remaining contentions. The Bank of Carlock now requests this Court to review the bankruptcy tribunal's finding.
It does so, and reverses.
Did the reservation of jurisdiction to later determine reasonable attorney's fees deny the judgment of the Circuit Court finality for purposes of execution? Clearly, Illinois law must guide this Court's analysis of the question. Upon a thorough check of state statutes and decisions, however, it appears the precise issue remains unresolved. Nevertheless, this tribunal is persuaded that its state brethren would answer negatively.
Admittedly, the law governing execution of judgments and the problem of priorities among creditors that it presents is highly complex and subject to a great deal of variation among the states. But the prerequisite of a final enforceable judgment against the principal defendant in a proceeding under the Illinois Garnishment Act (Ill.Rev.Stat. ch. 110, ¶¶ 12-701 to 719 (1985)) is beyond doubt: "A valid judgment within the meaning of the garnishment statute is a judgment upon which an execution can issue for satisfaction thereof against the principal debtor." Ring v. Palmer, 309 Ill.App. 333, 336, 32 N.E.2d 956 (4th Dist.1941). Thus, in every garnishment action a question exists as to the enforceability of the underlying judgment. Cerone v. Clark, 110 Ill.App.2d 301, 304, 249 N.E.2d 186 (1st Dist.1969); see generally 30 Am.Jur.2d Executions § 9.
In denying the Bank secured status, the Bankruptcy Court relied primarily upon this Court's decision in General Telephone Company of Illinois v. Robinson, 545 F.Supp. 788 (C.D.Ill.1982). Noting that Illinois law concerning the creation of liens is unclear, Chief Judge J. Waldo Ackerman held there that a citation to discover assets could not properly issue from a judgment which reserved the question of reasonable attorney's fees. The creditor had no lien against the disputed funds since its judgment was not final. Id. at 791-92.
Indeed, Robinson initially appears dispositive of the current appeal. A closer examination, however, finds it readily distinguishable from the case at bar. In that case, the trial judge directed plaintiff to set the issue of attorney's fees for prove-up. More importantly, the words "execution may issue" were stricken from the judgment order. Thus, the circuit court did not intend execution to issue until attorney's fees were determined. The present controversy is in direct contrast. The judgment of the Circuit Court of McLean County specifically states "with award of execution." The judge undeniably intended his order to be final for purposes of execution so that Appellant might secure a lien through supplementary proceedings. The principle that the intention of the judge rendering the decision is a factor in determining finality is well established. Peterson v. Lindner, 765 F.2d 698, 704 (7th Cir.1985); United States v. Hunt, 513 F.2d 129, 136 (10th Cir.1975); Bates v. Ulrich, 38 Ill.App.3d 203, 204-05, 347 N.E.2d 286 (4th Dist.1976); 49 C.J.S. Judgments § 11. Still, the Court acknowledges that the question of a judgment's finality cannot rest upon intent alone.
The Trustee relies on Illinois Supreme Court Rule 304 as support for his position that the judgment obtained by the Creditor is not final and enforceable. It states in relevant part:
If . . . multiple claims for relief are involved in an action, an appeal may be taken from a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the . . . claims only if the trial court has made an express written finding that there is no just reason for delaying enforcement or appeal.
Ill.Rev.Stat. ch. 110A, ¶ 304(a) (1985). He contends the circuit judge did not make the required express finding for enforceability and thus, the judgment is not final. The Trustee's position, however, is unpersuasive. Rule 304 is not applicable to the present situation.3
As Judge Ackerman properly found in Robinson, Rule 304 applies only where multiple claims for relief are alleged. His statement is appropriate in this instance: "The question of attorney's fees was merely one issue in an action involving a single party and a single claim." Robinson, 545 F.Supp. at 792, citing Coble v. Chicago Health Club, Inc., 53 Ill.App.3d 1019, 1021, 11 Ill.Dec. 734, 369 N.E.2d 188 (1st Dist. 1977). Thus, he too was unconvinced by the Trustee's logic.
Moreover, the Appellee ignores the precept that finality for the purpose of an appeal may not equate with finality for the purpose of execution. As early as 1943, the Supreme Court of Illinois recognized this axiom:
No hard-and-fast definition of final judgment applicable to all situations, can be given since its finality depends somewhat upon the purpose for which and the standpoint from which it is being considered, since it may be final for one purpose and not for another.
Brauer Machine & Supply Co. v. Parkhill Truck Co., 383 Ill. 569, 575, 50 N.E.2d 836 (1943). Likewise, the Restatement observes that a judgment final for one purpose is not necessarily final for another.
Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 13 comment b. Unquestionably then, Rule 304 is inapposite: It was intended to apply only to questions of appealability, not enforceability. The rule is aimed at discouraging piecemeal appeals and removing the uncertainty as to a judgment's appealability. In re Marriage of Leopando, 96 Ill.2d 114, 119, 70 Ill.Dec. 263, 449 N.E.2d 137 (1983); see also Ill.Ann.Stat. ch. 110A, ¶ 304 (Smith-Hurd 1985) (historical and practice notes). It would be absurd to suggest that its purpose was to allow less fortunate claimants to strike down the lien of a diligent creditor whose judgment reserved the incidental issue of attorney's fees. Thus, even assuming arguendo the order of the circuit court is not yet appealable, it does not follow that execution is improper.4
The judgment unequivocally determined the merits and fundamental issue of the case—the indebtedness due the Bank of Carlock. The question of attorney's fees may properly be deemed incidental to the cause. Although concededly addressing the issue of appeal, a long line of Illinois cases have defined a judgment as final "if the matters left for future determination are merely incidental to the ultimate rights which have been adjudicated by decree." Kulins v. Malco, Inc., 79 Ill.App.3d 982, 985, 35 Ill.Dec. 194, 398 N.E.2d 1144 (1st Dist.1979); see, e.g., City of Chicago v. Mendelson, 14 Ill.App.3d 950, 954, 304 N.E.2d 16 (1st Dist.1973); Mederacke v. Becker, 56 Ill.App.2d 128, 131, 205 N.E.2d 519 (4th Dist.1965); Bernard...
To continue reading
Request your trial