In the Matter of G.N.

• Decision Date: 12 August 2009
• Docket Number: MC010006C.,A135696.
• Citation: 215 P.3d 902,230 Or. App. 249
• Parties: In the Matter of G.N., Alleged to be a Mentally III Person. STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. G.N., Appellant.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

215 P.3d 902

230 Or. App. 249

In the Matter of G.N., Alleged to be a Mentally III Person STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. G.N., Appellant.

MC010006C.

A135696.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted on May 18, 2009.

Decided August 12, 2009.

Michael A. Breiling, Portland, argued the cause and filed the brief for appellant.

Rene C. Holmes, Senior Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent. With her on the brief were John R.

Kroger, Attorney General, and Rolf C. Moan, Acting Solicitor General.

Before WOLLHEIM, Presiding Judge, and BREWER, Chief Judge, and RIGGS, Senior Judge.

BREWER, C.J.

In this mental commitment case, appellant appeals a judgment committing him to the Mental Health Division for a period of time not to exceed 180 days. ORS 426.005. The trial court found that appellant is mentally ill and is a danger to himself and others. On appeal, appellant assigns error to the trial court's denial of his request that he and his counsel be permitted to be physically present in the courtroom during the mental commitment hearing. As explained below, we conclude that, although in most respects, the conduct of a mental commitment hearing is left to the sound discretion of the trial judge, the court abused its discretion in conducting the hearing in the manner it did in this case.

Before the hearing, the court entered an order requiring the hearing to be held in one of the courtrooms "via video." Counsel for appellant objected to the trial court's denial of his request that appellant be transported to the courthouse for the hearing. Counsel for appellant appeared via video with appellant, as did a certified court interpreter and at least one of the state's witnesses. The judge, the prosecutor, and the remaining witnesses appeared in the courtroom.

Appellant's counsel argued to the court that requiring appellant to appear by video was not authorized by ORS 426.095(1) — which specifically pertains to the conduct of mental commitment hearings — or by any other statute. Counsel argued that his and appellant's actual presence in the courtroom was important for various reasons, including the need to assess the credibility of witnesses. He further noted that, although he could see and hear via the video screen, he was unable to see the judge clearly. The court denied counsel's motion to permit appellant to be personally present for the hearing. Shortly thereafter, and before the hearing began, counsel stated to the court, "I can't see and hear you." Moreover, before the hearing began, the state offered into evidence Exhibit 001, which was referred to as medical records. Counsel for appellant objected to the admission of Exhibit 001, noting that the records in question had not been provided to counsel and that counsel therefore had not had an opportunity to review them. Counsel stated "I don't know if the records [that] have been sealed and are provided to the court are in fact the records that we have[.]" Counsel then requested that the court transmit the records via facsimile to him. The court denied the motion, stating that counsel had had an opportunity to view any records at the state hospital and "[t]o the extent that you have or have not is you and your client's business." The court then conducted the hearing, during which various witnesses were called to testify, both in the courtroom and at the hospital. After the hearing, the court found appellant to be mentally ill and a danger to himself and others.

On appeal, appellant assigns error to the trial court's refusal to allow him to be personally present at the courthouse during the hearing. Appellant asserts that, because no statute authorizes the conduct of a mental commitment hearing via video and over the objection of a party, the trial court erred as a matter of law in conducting the hearing in that manner.

The state replies that trial courts have broad discretion in managing their courtrooms and that the court's choice in how to conduct the hearing should be reviewed for abuse of discretion. The state relies on ORS 3.220(1) for the proposition that a court may take steps to ensure the "prompt and orderly dispatch of the business of the court." We understand the state to suggest that, although no statute expressly authorized the court's action in this case, the court had inherent authority to conduct a mental commitment hearing via video from a different location than that of the allegedly mentally ill person, and despite that person's objection. See, e.g., State ex rel. Coastal Management v. Washington Cty., 178 Or.App. 280, 288, 36 P.3d 993 (2001), rev. den., 334 Or. 190, 47 P.3d 485 (2002) ("[T]he doctrine of inherent judicial authority is the source of power to perform a judicial function for which the legislative branch failed to provide fully[.]").¹

ORS 3.220 does not govern the situation presented here. ORS 3.220(1) provides:

"A circuit court may make and enforce all rules necessary for the prompt and orderly dispatch of the business of the court and not inconsistent with applicable provisions of law, the Oregon Rules of Civil Procedure or rules made or orders issued by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court or the presiding judge for the judicial district. If a majority of the judges of the court in a judicial district having two or more circuit court judges do not agree in respect to the making of rules under this subsection, the decision of the presiding judge shall control."

That statute accords rulemaking authority to circuit courts. The state, however, has pointed to no rule promulgated pursuant to that statute — or any other statute for that matter — that authorizes a court to require an allegedly mentally ill person to appear at a mental commitment hearing via video rather than in person, despite the objection of the allegedly mentally ill person.² However, this is not, as the state assumes, a situation in which the doctrine of inherent authority must be invoked because the legislature failed to "provide fully" the power for the court to perform a necessary judicial function. State ex rel. Coastal Management, 178 Or.App. at 288, 36 P.3d 993.

ORS 426.095(1) specifically addresses the locations at which mental commitment hearings may be held: "The hearing may be held in a hospital, the person's home or in some other place convenient to the court and to the allegedly mentally ill person." (Emphasis added.) That statute does not specifically prohibit the court from conducting a hearing from one location (the courthouse) with participation by others from a different location (such as a hospital) via videoconferencing. Thus, to the extent that appellant suggests that any type of video participation in a mental commitment proceeding is per se prohibited, we disagree. The statute affords a considerable amount of flexibility to trial courts in conducting mental commitment proceedings.

The statute does, however, contain one significant constraint on what the court may do in choosing a location or locations for the hearing. The location or locations must be "convenient" not only to the court, but also "to the allegedly mentally ill person." The term "convenient," as used in this context, means "suited to the needs or the circumstances of a particular situation." Webster's Third New Int'l Dictionary 497 (unabridged ed. 2002). In this case, counsel for appellant made it clear that his and his client's location at the hospital, while the judge and opposing counsel remained at the courthouse, was not convenient. In particular, counsel noted that he was unable to see the judge clearly on the video screen. At one point, counsel also said that he was having trouble hearing the judge. Finally, counsel objected to the trial court's receipt into evidence of an exhibit that he had no opportunity to review (and that the court declined to send to him via facsimile).

An assessment of what is convenient for purposes of ORS 426.095(1) appears to be the type of determination that is within the sound discretion of the trial court. That is, the statute contemplates that the court should consider both the convenience to the court and the convenience of the allegedly mentally ill person. We conclude that, under that statute, it is within the court's discretion to weigh the convenience to the mentally ill person against the convenience of the court when choosing the location or locations of a mental commitment hearing.

On appellate review, the "abuse of discretion standard tests only whether the trial court made a decision within the permissible range of choices[.]" State v. Hewitt, 162 Or.App. 47, 52, 985 P.2d 884 (1999), rev. dismissed, 330 Or. 567, 10 P.3d 943 (2000). In the circumstances presented here, we conclude that the court's choice to conduct the hearing in the manner that it did was outside the...