Island Creek Coal Sales Co. v. Indiana-Kentucky Elec. Corp., 73 Civ. 564.

• Decision Date: 21 November 1973
• Docket Number: No. 73 Civ. 564.,73 Civ. 564.
• Citation: 366 F. Supp. 350
• Parties: ISLAND CREEK COAL SALES COMPANY, Plaintiff, v. INDIANA-KENTUCKY ELECTRIC CORPORATION, Defendant.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York

366 F. Supp. 350

ISLAND CREEK COAL SALES COMPANY, Plaintiff, v. INDIANA-KENTUCKY ELECTRIC CORPORATION, Defendant.

No. 73 Civ. 564.

United States District Court, S. D. New York.

November 21, 1973.

Phillips, Nizer, Benjamin, Krim & Ballon, New York City (Simon Rose, New York City, of counsel), and Buchanan, Ingersoll, Rodewald, Kyle & Buerger, Pittsburgh, Pa. (James G. Park, Bruce A. Americus, Pittsburgh, Pa., of counsel), for plaintiff.

Cahill, Gordon & Reindel, New York City (Raymond L. Falls, Jr., Joel C. Balsam, New York City, of counsel), and Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, Cleveland, Ohio (John Lansdale, Jr., Robert C. Maynard, Isaac Schulz, Cleveland, Ohio, of counsel), for defendant.

OPINION

BAUMAN, District Judge.

This is a motion by defendant Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corporation (hereinafter "IKEC") for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 56(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.¹ Because the question presented is exclusively one of contractual interpretation, I am satisfied that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact. For the reasons that follow, defendant's motion for summary judgment is granted.

Island Creek Coal Sales Company (hereinafter "Island Creek"), plaintiff herein, is engaged primarily in the business of marketing coal mined by its parent, Island Creek Coal Company. IKEC is a public utility incorporated under the laws of the State of Indiana. On December 19, 1966 the parties entered into a Coal Supply Agreement pursuant to which plaintiff was to supply coal to defendant from plaintiff's Hamilton No. 1 mine in western Kentucky. The deliveries were to commence between March 1 and September 1, 1968, and extend through December 31, 1982. Although the agreement is a highly detailed document of 43 pages, the instant controversy revolves around but two of its provisions: Article IV, § 6,² which concerns conditions under which either party in its "sole judgment" might terminate the agreement, and Article VI, § 12,³ which concerns submission to arbitration.

In 1968 and 1969 deliveries of coal were made in accordance with the terms of the contract. In 1970, however, Island Creek was unable to make delivery in the quantities specified in the agreement, attributing this inability, then as now, to the passage of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, 30 U.S.C. § 801 et seq., which became effective March 30, 1970.

On June 10, 1971, pursuant to Article VI, § 12, the parties executed a joint submission to arbitration, which is set forth in full in the appendix to this opinion. In it, the parties presented for resolution the following questions: 1) whether Island Creek was obligated to deliver to IKEC not less than 2,125,000 nor more than 2,500,000 tons of coal in 1971 in accordance with Article III, § 1 of the Coal Sales Agreement; 2) to what extent IKEC was damaged by Island Creek's failure to deliver 400,000 tons of coal in 1970 and 1,000,000 tons in 1971; 3) whether and to what extent the Federal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 relieved Island Creek of its obligations under the agreement; 4) whether Island Creek was entitled to terminate the agreement under the provisions of Article IV, § 6, or under the force majeure clause of Article VI, § 5, or under Article 2-615 of the Uniform Commercial Code; 5) whether the curtailment in the development of the Hamilton No. 1 mine occasioned by governmental regulations entitled Island Creek to equitable adjustment or termination of the agreement. The remedy there sought by IKEC was "Specific Performance and Damages", and that sought by Island Creek was "Termination".

Subsequently the parties agreed to consider what corrective measures could be taken by Island Creek that would enable it to comply with the recent federal legislation and yet meet its commitments under the Coal Supply Agreement. A meeting was held on December 14, 1971 at which representatives of Island Creek produced a report purporting to comply with the requirement of Article IV, § 6 that the parties consider "corrective steps" before termination. The report concluded as follows: "Island Creek has determined that such steps will not make it possible for Island Creek to continue to produce coal for delivery to IKEC without unreasonable expense to Island Creek as hereinbefore described." In the ensuing months this remained plaintiff's position and finally, on July 20, 1972, its chairman wrote to IKEC giving notice that Island Creek was invoking its right to terminate pursuant to Article IV, § 6.

When IKEC then attempted to press ahead with the arbitration Island Creek commenced the instant action, in which it seeks, in essence, a declaratory judgment that its decision to terminate the agreement was not arbitrable but was rather, in the language of Article IV, § 6, a matter within its "sole judgment". The arbitration has been held in abeyance pending the outcome of this case.

In moving for summary judgment, defendant advances two basic arguments. First, it contends that Article IV, § 6 by its terms does not leave all matters relating to termination within Island Creek's sole judgment. Specifically it argues that arbitration should determine whether the Federal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 comes within the definition of the "regulations or restrictions relating to mining practices" set forth in that section, and that arbitration should also determine whether Island Creek's decision to terminate resulted from such regulations. Arbitration, in other words, must determine whether the prerequisites to Island Creek's exercise of its sole judgment have been met. The second argument advanced by IKEC is that regardless of the construction of Article IV, § 6, Island Creek in fact submitted to arbitration on June 10, 1971 the very issue it now seeks to foreclose, namely, its right to terminate.

Island Creek in response contends that Article IV, § 6 leaves nothing for resolution by arbitration. It points out that Article VI, § 12 exempts from arbitration matters expressly stated to be within "the sole judgment" of one of the parties, and that Article IV, § 6 is the only section in the entire 43 page agreement that makes reference to "sole judgment". Secondly, it contends that although it joined in the June 10, 1971 submission, it "in no way" agreed to arbitrate matters which Article IV, § 6 held to be within its sole judgment.

Of the two questions presented, the meaning of "sole judgment" in Article IV, § 6 is by far the more difficult, but it is one which I need not resolve here. For even assuming arguendo that its scope is as broad as Island Creek asserts, I conclude that Island Creek submitted to arbitration its right to terminate under Article IV, § 6 and, having done so, cannot now seek to withdraw from it.

The governing legal principle was best articulated by Judge Clark in Amicizia Societa Navegazione v. Chilean Nitrate & Iodine Sales Corp., 274 F.2d 805 (2nd Cir. 1960), cert. denied, 363 U.S. 843, 80 S.Ct. 1612, 4 L.Ed.2d 1727 (1960). Where a disagreement exists over the scope of the arbitration agreement, and where the parties nevertheless voluntarily submit their dispute to arbitration, they "evince a subsequent agreement for private settlement which would cure any defect in the arbitration clause." The court cited Chief Judge Cardozo in Finsilver, Still & Moss, Inc. v. Goldberg, Maas & Co., 253 N.Y. 382, 171 N.E. 579 (1930): "We assume that circumstances may exist in which a party to an arbitration, joining in its proceedings without protest or disclaimer, may be found to have joined by implication in the appointment of the arbitrators, and to have confirmed their jurisdiction, if otherwise defective." The Amicizia holding was followed in Ficek v. Southern Pacific Company, 338 F.2d 655 (9th Cir. 1964), cert. denied, 380 U.S. 988, 85 S. Ct. 1362, 14 L.Ed.2d 280 (1965). The court, while acknowledging that "arbitration is a matter of contract", held that "an agreement to arbitrate a particular issue need not be express — it may be implied from the conduct of the parties. Plaintiff concedes that the precise issue which he now seeks to litigate was in fact submitted to the arbitrators. Even if the initial arbitration clause was not broad enough to include plaintiff's claim, by voluntarily submitting the dispute to arbitration" the parties had in effect broadened the scope of the initial agreement. See also Foster-Forbes Glass Co. v. Glass Bottle Blowers Association, 263 F.Supp. 729 (N.D.Ind.1967), holding that the parties' intention to arbitrate could be determined not only by the initial arbitration clause, but also by the text of the submission agreement.

In the instant case the submission agreement of June 10, 1971 leaves little room for interpretation. It begins with a recitation that "the named parties hereby submit the following disputes to arbitration . . . ." The fourth paragraph following this preamble begins: "Island Creek also contends that it is entitled to terminate its contract with IKEC under the provisions of Article IV, § 6." I can see no other sensible interpretation of this language than as a submission to arbitration of Island Creek's right to terminate under that section. The explanation proffered by Island Creek is that "the inclusion of reference to Article IV, § 6 was intended by the plaintiff to indicate...