Johnson v. Angelica Uniform Group, Inc., 84-1824
| Decision Date | 20 May 1985 |
| Docket Number | No. 84-1824,84-1824 |
| Citation | 762 F.2d 671 |
| Parties | 37 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 1409, 37 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 35,277 Virgie M. JOHNSON, Appellant, v. ANGELICA UNIFORM GROUP, INC., Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit |
Kenneth Johnson, Springfield, Mo., for appellant.
Thomas M. Hanna, St. Louis, Mo., for appellee.
Before JOHN R. GIBSON, Circuit Judge, FLOYD R. GIBSON, Senior Circuit Judge, and BOWMAN, Circuit Judge.
Virgie M. Johnson appeals from the district court's 1 judgment in favor of defendant Angelica Uniform Group, Inc., (Angelica) in her suit brought under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e, et seq. Johnson alleged that she was unlawfully discharged because of religious discrimination. The district court, however, found that Johnson was discharged because of excessive absenteeism. We affirm the judgment of the district court.
I. Facts
Angelica hired Johnson to work at its Summersville, Missouri plant on April 10, 1978. Johnson was subject to a collective bargaining agreement between the United Garment Workers of America and Angelica. The agreement provided in part that an employee would be subject to termination after missing sixteen days in twelve months.
Johnson has been a member of the Worldwide Church of God, a Christian denomination, since 1965. The Worldwide Church of God requires its members to observe Saturday Sabbath and certain other Holy Days by refraining from labor. Each Sabbath and Holy Day is observed from sundown on the proceeding day until sundown on the designated day. At the time Johnson was hired she did not inform Angelica of her religious affiliation or of the various religious observances she was required to meet.
Between April 28 and July 11, Johnson missed ten work days. On July 11, the plant manager and Johnson's production line supervisor gave Johnson an oral warning about absenteeism. Johnson still did not mention her religious affiliation. After missing two more days of work in August, Johnson received her first written warning about absenteeism on August 25, 1978. At that time she informed her manager that she would need time off in October for religious purposes, but did not mention the specific dates involved. Johnson again missed work on September 25 and October 2, 1978, making the total number of absences fourteen, after which she received a second written warning. Although October 2 was a Holy Day, Johnson informed no one of that fact. The plant manager told Johnson that two more absences would subject her to discharge, but Johnson made no explanations about her prior absences, nor did she mention specific dates she wanted off work for religious reasons.
Johnson's last day of work at Angelica was Tuesday, October 10, 1978. In a letter dated that day and postmarked October 11 Johnson wrote the plant manager, stating that she would be gone from October 11 through October 24 for religious purposes. The plant manager received the letter after October 12. October 11, 1978, was Johnson's fifteenth absence; although it was a Holy Day, Johnson had not previously told anyone she would be absent. The next day, October 12, which was not a Holy Day, was Johnson's sixteenth absence. The plant manager fired Johnson on October 13. Of the sixteen days Johnson missed before her discharge, four and a half were for sick leave and the others for personal reasons.
Johnson filed this claim of religious discrimination on September 1, 1983, after receiving a right to sue letter from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Johnson testified at trial that she needed Thursday and Friday, October 12 and 13, off from work to prepare for her trip to the Lake of the Ozarks for the Feast of the Tabernacles, which lasted from Monday October 16 through Monday, October 23. Johnson made the two hour trip to the Lake of the Ozarks on Friday, October 13, and did not return to the plant until Wednesday, October 25, when she was informed of her discharge. The district court specifically found that Johnson's claim that she needed October 12 and 13 for preparation and travel to the Feast of the Tabernacles was not credible. The Feast did not begin until Monday, October 16, and she could have made the trip on Sunday, October 15, neither the Sabbath nor a Holy Day. At the conclusion of the bench trial, the district court held that Johnson had failed to establish a prima facie case of religious discrimination. The court concluded that Johnson was discharged because of her excessive absenteeism, not because an employment requirement conflicted with her religious duties. The court further held that the collective bargaining agreement provision allowing sixteen days of absence before discharge was a reasonable accommodation of Johnson's religious beliefs.
To establish a prima facie case of religious discrimination, a plaintiff must plead and prove that "(1) he has a bona fide belief that compliance with an employment requirement is contrary to his religious faith; (2) he has informed his employer about the conflict; and (3) he was discharged because of his refusal to comply with the employment requirement." Brown v. General Motors Corp., 601 F.2d 956, 959 (8th Cir.1979). Accord Turpen v. Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad Co., 736 F.2d 1022, 1026 (5th...
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