Johnson v. Dunlap, 8118SC25

• Decision Date: 04 August 1981
• Docket Number: No. 8118SC25,8118SC25
• Citation: 280 S.E.2d 759,53 N.C.App. 312
• Parties: Lynn R. JOHNSON v. Robert DUNLAP and Racing, Inc. d/b/a Rainbow Speedway.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 759

280 S.E.2d 759

53 N.C.App. 312

Lynn R. JOHNSON v. Robert DUNLAP and Racing, Inc. d/b/a Rainbow Speedway.

No. 8118SC25.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

Aug. 4, 1981.

Younce, Wall & Chastain by Percy L. Wall and Peter Chastain, Greensboro, for plaintiff-appellant.

Nichols, Caffrey, Hill, Evans & Murrell by William D. Caffrey and Eugene W. Purdom, Greensboro, for defendants-appellees.

CLARK, Judge.

The trial court erred in granting the judgment N.O.V., and the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered.

The defendants' motion for directed verdict and motion for judgment N.O.V. did not state the specific grounds therefor as required by G.S. 1A-1, Rule 50(a). Both the North Carolina Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals have stated that this requirement is mandatory. Anderson v. Butler, 284 N.C. 723, 202 S.E.2d 585 (1974), and Wheeler v. Denton, 9 N.C.App. 167, 175 S.E.2d 769 (1970). But the Supreme Court has stated: "However, the courts need not inflexibly enforce the rule when the grounds for the motion are apparent to the court and the parties." Anderson v. Butler, 284 N.C. at 729, 202 S.E.2d at 588. Further, the plaintiff did not object at trial to the failure of the motion to state specific grounds. Having failed to so object, the plaintiff cannot raise the issue on appeal. Builders Supplies Co. v. Gainey, 10 N.C.App. 364, 178 S.E.2d 794, cert. denied, 278 N.C. 300, 180 S.E.2d 178 (1971); Pergerson v. Williams, 9 N.C.App. 512, 176 S.E.2d 885 (1970).

Under the circumstances we consider on its merits the trial court's granting of the judgment N.O.V. in favor of defendants. A motion for judgment N.O.V. is a motion that judgment be entered in accordance with the movants' earlier motion for a directed verdict and notwithstanding the contrary verdict actually returned by the jury. Hensley v. Ramsey, 283 N.C. 714, 199 S.E.2d 1 (1973). Though no specific grounds were stated for either the motion for directed verdict or motion for judgment N.O.V., motions under Rule 50 are designed to test the sufficiency of the evidence. It is apparent to this Court, and should be to the parties, that the trial court granted the judgment N.O.V. on the ground that defendants by their evidence had established the due execution of either one or both of the releases and that plaintiff had failed to offer sufficient evidence that he did not validly execute the 25 August 1973 and the 25 September 1973 releases.

The defendants having pled the releases in bar of plaintiff's claim, they had the burden of proof. A directed verdict, or a judgment N.O.V., can be granted for the party having the burden of proof only where the credibility of movant's evidence is manifest as a matter of law. Bank v. Burnette, 297 N.C. 524, 256 S.E.2d 388 (1979). See Note, Directing a Verdict in Favor of the Party with the Burden of Proof, 16 Wake Forest L.Rev. 607 (1980).

Though waiver is not allowed as a defense by reply under G.S. 1A-1, Rule 7, and not raised in or considered by the trial court or argued in the briefs on appeal, it is manifest from defendants' own evidence that their rights under the 25 August 1973 release were waived when they presented to and had plaintiff execute the 25 September 1973 release and paid to him the sum of $1500.00 provided therein. See 13 Strong's N.C. Index 3d Waiver § 2 (1978). Waiver is a matter of law to be determined by the court where the facts are not disputed. Builders v. Gadd, 183 N.C. 447, 111 S.E. 771 (1922). The provisions of a contract (release) may be waived by intentionally relinquishing a known right, advantage, or benefit, and such intention to waive may be expressed or implied from acts or conduct naturally leading the other party to believe that the right has been relinquished. Klein v. Insurance Co., 289 N.C. 63, 220 S.E.2d 595 (1975); Fetner v. Granite Works, 251 N.C. 296, 111 S.E.2d 324 (1959); Lithographic Co. v. Mills, 222 N.C. 516, 23 S.E.2d 913 (1943).

Assuming, arguendo, that there was no waiver of the 25 August 1973 release, the plaintiff offered ample evidence that he did not see and did not knowingly and voluntarily execute the release or that it was vitiated by fraud or mistake. Though plaintiff's signature appears on the release, his testimony that he had never seen it is supported by testimony that his two companions signed what appeared to be a legal pad on a clipboard at the pit gate when plaintiff signed, yet their signatures were not on the release offered in evidence by defendants. Further, all the evidence tends to show that some 300 signatures were obtained by several pit area attendants as the cars were lined up at the pit gate for admission. The jury could find from this evidence that plaintiff had never seen the release or that the circumstances were such that he was not given an opportunity to read it. Releases which exculpate persons from liability for negligence are not favored by the law. Jordan v. Storage Co., 266 N.C. 156, 146 S.E.2d 43 (1966); see Annot., 175 A.L.R. 8 (1948).

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