Johnson v. Johnson, 1-683A192
Decision Date | 13 March 1984 |
Docket Number | No. 1-683A192,1-683A192 |
Citation | 460 N.E.2d 978 |
Parties | Hilda L. JOHNSON, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Richard A. JOHNSON, Respondent-Appellee. |
Court | Indiana Appellate Court |
Mark F. Otten, Greenwood, for petitioner-appellant.
John M. Smart, III, Gantz, Smart & Kessler, Greenwood, for respondent-appellee.
Appellant Hilda Johnson appeals from a disposition of property in an action for dissolution of marriage in the Johnson Superior Court. We reverse.
Upon the granting of wife's petition for dissolution, the court in its judgment required that the marital estate be converted to cash and placed in trust. The trust was to be used while both parties lived to provide for the maintenance of the wife and for the support and benefit of the children. Upon the death of one spouse, one half ( 1/2) of the trust was to be set-off to the estate of the deceased, with the remainder to revert to the survivor outright. It is from this judgment that wife now appeals.
Wife raises nineteen (19) issues on appeal. However, because of our disposition of one of these issues, we do not reach the remainder. Rephrased, the dispositive issue in this appeal is as follows:
Did the trial court err in committing the marital estate to a trust?
The trial court erred in liquidating the marital estate and placing the proceeds into a trust.
Dispositions of marital property in Indiana are governed by statute. See Lord v. Lord, (1982) Ind.App., 443 N.E.2d 847, 850. While such dispositions are generally within the sound discretion of the trial court, Loeb v. Loeb, (1973) 261 Ind. 193, 207, 301 N.E.2d 349, 358; Tomlinson v. Tomlinson, (1976) 170 Ind.App. 331, 341, 352 N.E.2d 785, 792, trans. denied, such court must, nevertheless, follow the provisions of the statute in reaching its conclusion. See Anderson v. Anderson, (1979) Ind.App., 399 N.E.2d 391, 398 ( ). Indiana Code section 31-1-11.5-11(b) (1982) provides for the disposition of the marital estate upon the dissolution of marriage. That section states, in pertinent part:
This court has previously indicated that section 11(b) mandates "a final separation of the parties and a final division of their property." Whaley v. Whaley, (1982) Ind.App., 436 N.E.2d 816, 820, quoting Wilhelm v. Wilhelm, (1979) Ind.App., 397 N.E.2d 1079, 1081; In re Marriage of Owens, (1981) Ind.App., 425 N.E.2d 222, 224 ( ). Anything less than such a complete and final determination will not satisfy the statutory mandate.
Divorce statutes are in derogation of the common law. Kizer v. Kizer, (1963) 135 Ind.App. 8, 12, 191 N.E.2d 332, 334. In reviewing a claim that the trial court exceeded the statute in disposing of the marital estate, we must strictly construe the statute. Id. Section 11(b) provides that "the court shall divide the property of the parties...." Ind.Code Sec. 31-1-11.5-11(b) (emphasis supplied). "Shall" is generally considered to be a word of mandatory import. State ex rel. Southern Hills Mental Health Center, Inc. v. DuBois County, (1983) Ind.App., 446 N.E.2d 996, 1001. Its use in section 11(b) is no exception to that rule. See Wilhelm, 397 N.E.2d at 1081. Section 11(b) then goes on to set-out three (3) distinct alternatives by which the court may dispose of the marital estate. None of these alternatives provides for the creation of a trust into which the marital estate may be placed once it has been reduced to cash. As we have previously noted, "[i]t is not this court's function to provide an alternative not implicitly or expressly provided by the legislature." Lord v. Lord, (1982) Ind.App., 443 N.E.2d 847, 849 ( ). Accord Kizer v. Kizer, (1963) 135 Ind.App. 8, 12, 191 N.E.2d 332, 334 ( ). In the instant case, the trial court's discretion in disposing of the marital estate did not extend to the creation of a device which was not provided for by the legislature. Accordingly, we conclude that the...
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