Johnson v. Snyder

• Decision Date: 21 August 1950
• Citation: 221 P.2d 164,99 Cal.App.2d 86
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: JOHNSON v. SNYDER. Civ. 14319.

Page 164

221 P.2d 164

99 Cal.App.2d 86

JOHNSON v. SNYDER.

Civ. 14319.

District Court of Appeal, First District, Division 2, California.

Aug. 21, 1950.

Gladstein, Andersen, Resner & Sawyer, Lloyd E. McMurray, all of San Francisco, for appellants.

Hoey, Hoey & Fenstermacher, Sam W. Hall, Jr., all of Martinez, for respondents.

DOOLING, Justice.

Defendant appeals from a judgment for plaintiff based on a finding of contructive eviction. Defendant is the owner of a building in Pittsburg designed as a market building for the occupancy of several tenants. Plaintiff rented a stall in this building for the conduct therein of the restaurant business. The other tenants of the building, except a retail liquor dealer, for reasons undisclosed quit the building. The building was allowed to become dirty and unsanitary and as a result the city health inspector ordered plaintiff to close his restaurant business which plaintiff did, removing his fixtures from the premises. A brief excerpt from the testimony of the city inspector will point up the discussion of the case. The inspector testified:

'They moved out and left everything just as it was. That is what I mean. They left their vegetables and bread and everything contained in a grocery store in the building. I asked Mrs. Snyder several times if she couldn't clean up the building, because after all, if it stood very long and stayed in the building very long, it would attract flies and rodents and gnats, etc., and being there is a restaurant in the building where they serve food, we had to keep the entire building clean. Mr. Johnson's restaurant itself, we found, was always in a satisfactory condition, that is, his little corner of it. But, as time went on, day to day, these vegetables started to decay, and each day that we visited the place we found it in a worse condition than it was the day before, and this went on for about a week. The dust in the building was getting terrible. You could rub your hand over any fixture in there and your hand would come out black. And the floor was in a horrible condition. I tried to prevail upon Mrs. Snyder many, many times, and every time I went to the building I made it a point to take Mrs. Snyder with me, and her answer was the same every time. * * * She had no interest in the restaurant. She didn't care how the building was. And if Mr. Johnson didn't like the condition he would have to move or not. It was immaterial to her whether they had a restaurant in the building or not. So, they went on for about four or five days, and the flies and gnats got so terrible we just had to take drastic steps and close the restaurant.'

We are satisfied that this evidence supported the finding of a constructive eviction. 'Any interference by the landlord by which the tenant is deprived of the beneficial enjoyment of the premises amounts to a constructive eviction if the tenant so elects and surrenders possession * * *.' Kulawitz v. Pacific, etc., Paper Co., 25 Cal.2d 664, 670, 155 P.2d 24, 27; Aaker v. Smith, 87 Cal.App.2d 36, 46, 196 P.2d 150; 15 Cal.Jur. 679.

Where the landlord leases part of a building and permits unsanitary conditions amounting to a nuisance to exist in the portion of the building remaining under his control which operate to deprive the tenant of his beneficial enjoyment the tenant may treat this as a constructive eviction. Ray Realty Co. v. Holtzman, 234 Mo.App. 802, 119 S.W.2d 981 and cases cited at pp. 984-985; Washington Chocolate Co. v. Kent, 28 Wash.2d 448, 183 P.2d 514 and cases cited at pp. 516-517; Everson v. Albert, 261 Mich. 182, 246 N.W. 88; Blaustein v. Pincus, 47 Mont. 202, 131 P. 1064, Ann.Cas. 1915C, 405; 52 C.J.S. Landlord and Tenant, § 458, p. 175; and cf. Riechhold v. Sommarstrom Invest. Co., 83 Cal.App. 173, 256 P. 592; McDowell v. Hyman, 117 Cal. 67, 48 P. 984.

The fact that the nuisance occurred in a portion of the building over which (after the other tenants departed) the landlord had exclusive control distinguishes the cases relied upon by appellant having to do with conditions arising in the premises occupied by the tenant himself under his lease. The covenant of plaintiff in the lease to comply with all the requirements of Municipal, State and Federal authorities 'pertaining to said premises' referred only to the premises let to him and put on him no duty to enter stalls as to which he had no right of occupancy to abate the nuisance which his landlord was there permitting to exist. Nor did the fact that the appellant had expressly covenanted to furnish janitor service in the aisles and passageways operate to excuse the maintenance of a nuisance in other...