Johnson v. State

• Citation: 148 S.W. 328
• Parties: JOHNSON v. STATE.
• Decision Date: 29 May 1912
• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas. Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas

148 S.W. 328

JOHNSON v. STATE.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas

May 29, 1912.

Appeal from Criminal District Court, Dallas County; Barry Miller, Judge.

J. W. Johnson was convicted of murder in the second degree, and he appeals. Reversed and remanded.

Brooks & Worsham, of Dallas, for appellant. C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

DAVIDSON, P. J.

Appellant was convicted of murder in the second degree; his punishment being assessed at 51 years in the penitentiary. This is the second appeal. The first may be found in 138 S. W. 1021.

The dying declaration of the deceased, over appellant's objections, was permitted to go to the jury. It reads as follows, and was introduced through the witness Watson, the physician who attended the deceased, McGuffey, after he was shot: "Deceased said: `I went up to that man's place. I do not call any names; but I went up there to collect a bill. He saw me and told me to get out of his place. I told him, "All right," to give me time, and I would get out. He run for his gun as I went out at the door. He shot me in the side.' And he says, `If you will look in the screen door,' pointing his finger at me, he says, `you will see the hole.' Then deceased said: `I ran up the street. He shot me in the back, and that is what is killing me.' Deceased further states that `appellant shot me for nothing.'" Many objections were urged to this testimony, which were overruled, and it went before the jury. After this testimony was admitted, the court took a recess for noon; and, after the witness Dr. Watson had been retired and the court reassembled, the court instructed the jury verbally, as follows: "Gentlemen of the jury, this morning the witness on the stand testified to what purported to be a dying declaration on the part of Levi McGuffey. In his testimony there occurred this sentence, `I went out there to collect a bill.' That much of that testimony is stricken out. You will not consider it for any purpose whatever. The rest of the testimony stays in." It is contended in the bill, and so asserted, that this effort of the court to withdraw the testimony but intensified the error; and that the testimony was of such character that it could not be withdrawn, and that it was highly prejudicial to appellant's legal rights, and especially in regard to his right of self-defense and apparent danger. It is further contended that the error could not be cured by the withdrawal of it by the court, nor by a casual statement by the court to the jury to disregard it. The above is shown by bill of exceptions No. 2.

By bill No. 3 it is shown that the witness Smith was permitted to testify at some length, among other things, that he had dealings with appellant, and that appellant had bought two bills of furniture from him, one something like a year prior to this trouble, which he had paid for; and the second bill had been running several months. The prosecution was then permitted to ask the witness as follows: "Q. That bill of goods necessitated somebody collecting for it, did it? A. Yes, sir. Q. That was the contract that you had, was it not? A. Either him to bring it in, or us to send a collector; yes, sir. Q. Now, did you detail Mr. McGuffey to do that collecting? A. I hired Mr. McGuffey to do our collecting; yes, sir. Q. Was that one of his duties? A. Yes, sir. Q. To collect from this defendant? A. Yes, sir. Q. Now, two or three weeks, or four weeks, before the killing, had Mr. McGuffey reported to you that there had been some trouble over the bill? (Objected to as leading and sustained.) Q. Did Mr. McGuffey, in his lifetime, ever make any statement to you with reference to collecting from this defendant? (Objected to and sustained.) Q. Do you know that Mr. McGuffey went to Mr. Johnson's restaurant before he was killed? A. Yes, sir." The bill further recites that the defendant's evidence showed that defendant did not know for what purpose the deceased came to his restaurant on the morning of the killing. Various objections are urged to the introduction of this testimony. Among others, that it was irrelevant, immaterial to any issue in the case, and that for whatever purpose the deceased had been sent or came to defendant's place of business was unknown to the defendant, and tended to impair his right of self-defense in acting on real or apparent danger, and requested the court to disregard this evidence. These objections were overruled, and the evidence remained before the jury. These two bills, considered together, necessitate a reversal of this judgment. It is shown by Smith that the deceased, McGuffey, went there as the agent of Smith to collect for Smith for certain furniture sold to appellant.

The bills further recite that appellant was ignorant of the purpose for which deceased came. Under all the authorities, this testimony is inadmissible. The court recognized this in regard to the dying declarations, and withdrew that particular part of the dying declaration from the consideration of the jury, as indicated by bill No. 2, in an oral instruction to that body. But the witness Smith shows that the deceased was collecting for him, and went to appellant's house for that purpose. It is a difficult proposition sometimes for the courts to decide whether the withdrawal of illegal testimony cures the error. The evidence in regard to the deceased going to the residence of Johnson was one of the crucial points in the case, perhaps the most crucial. This bore directly upon two issues in the case— manslaughter and self-defense. The testimony for the defense is to the effect that on a prior occasion the deceased went to appellant's house to collect money on the unpaid bill due Smith. Trouble had arisen between deceased and the appellant in regard to the matter, and the deceased was ordered not to return to appellant's house. Deceased left at the time, making serious threats against appellant. On the occasion of this tragedy, the evidence for the appellant shows that he did not know, and the bill of exceptions recites that he did not know, why the deceased was in his house. Appellant's testimony further shows that when he first observed deceased he was standing by the bedside of his wife, who was asleep or lying down in her bedroom. This was the beginning of the difficulty which led to the shooting. Under this condition of things, the undiscovered or undisclosed reason of deceased's visiting the house of appellant was illegitimate testimony, and hurtful and injurious. Taking these two bills together, this injury is of such a nature as requires a reversal of this judgment. Under all the authorities, this testimony was clearly inadmissible, and a stroke at the very keynote of appellant's legal rights in the case. See Brumley v. State, 21 Tex. App. 238, 17 S. W. 140, 57 Am. Rep. 612; Johnson v. State, 22 Tex. App. 206, 2 S. W. 609; Pratt v. State, 53 Tex. Cr. R. 289, 109 S. W. 138; Clark v. State, 56 Tex. Cr. R. 298, 120 S. W. 179; Gant v. State, 55 Tex. Cr. R. 291, 116 S. W. 801; Gray v. State, 47 Tex. Cr. R. 377, 83 S. W. 705; Burnett v. State, 46 Tex. Cr. R. 119, 79 S. W. 550; Clay v. State, 44 Tex. Cr. R. 137, 69 S. W. 413; Adams v. State, 44 Tex. Cr. R. 67, 68 S. W. 270; Ball v. State, 29 Tex. App. 125, 14 S. W. 1012; Darnell v. State, 58 Tex. Cr. R. 585, 126 S. W. 1122.

The doctrine has been clearly announced in an unbroken line of decisions in this state that, where the deceased has made threats against the accused, his subsequent declarations of pacific intent, not communicated to the accused, are not admissible. Johnson v. State, 22 Tex. App. 224, 2 S. W. 609; Adams v. State, 44 Tex. Cr. R. 66, 68 S....