Johnson v. State, CR-96-1103.

• Decision Date: 05 September 1997
• Docket Number: No. CR-96-1103.,CR-96-1103.
• Citation: 729 So.2d 897
• Parties: Horace C. JOHNSON v. STATE.
• Court: Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals

729 So.2d 897

Horace C. JOHNSON v. STATE.

No. CR-96-1103.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.

September 5, 1997.

On Return to Remand May 8, 1998.

Rehearing Denied August 14, 1998.

Certiorari Denied March 12, 1999.

Horace C. Johnson, pro se.

Roy Brown, Jr., deputy atty. gen., Department of Pardons and Paroles, for appellee.

Alabama Supreme Court 1972084.

PATTERSON, Retired Appellate Judge.

The appellant, Horace C. Johnson, appeals from the Montgomery County Circuit Court's denial of his petition for a writ of certiorari, seeking a review of the revocation of his parole by the Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles (hereinafter "the Board"). The record shows that the appellant was convicted on April 12, 1982, of several burglaries and escapes and was sentenced to a total of 23 years' imprisonment; that he was last paroled on May 3, 1993;¹ and that he was arrested on September 11, 1995, for violating parole. A report of this parole violation was prepared by the appellant's parole officer on September 3, 1995. It shows that the parole conditions violated were the failure of the appellant to follow the instructions of his parole officer to enroll in a drug treatment program and his continued use of cocaine. The parole officer recommended that the appellant's parole be revoked. On October 5, 1995, a preliminary revocation hearing was held before a hearing officer. At the conclusion of this hearing, the officer found that the evidence was sufficient to support the parole violations charged, and recommended revocation. On October 31, 1995, a final revocation hearing was held before John S. Nettles, chairman of the Board, and the following day an order was entered revoking the parole.

The appellant contends in his petition that he was denied due process of law at the revocation hearing, because, he says, he was not advised of the evidence against him prior to the hearing and was denied the right to confront and to cross-examine the witnesses against him at the hearing. He further claims that he was denied due process by the Board's failure to furnish him a written statement of the evidence relied upon and the reasons for revoking his parole. On December 4, 1996, the circuit court, after finding that the Board had not issued a statement setting forth the evidence relied upon and the reasons for revoking the parole, ordered the Board to file such a document. Subsequently, the Board filed additional documents that included affidavits from the three Board members. Thereafter, on March 4, 1997, the circuit court entered its order finding that the appellant had received a "fair and impartial hearing" that satisfied all requirements of due process, and it denied the petition. The circuit court also ordered the appellant to pay a filing fee of $114.

A petition for a writ of certiorari filed in the circuit court is the proper method to challenge a ruling of the Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles. Samuels v. Alabama Board of Pardons & Paroles, 687 So.2d 1287 (Ala.Cr.App.1996); Ellard v. State, 474 So.2d 743 (Ala.Cr.App.1984), aff'd, 474 So.2d 758 (Ala.1985). Judicial review of administrative acts and decisions is limited in scope; ordinarily the courts will pass only on the questions whether the administrative agency has acted within its constitutional or statutory powers, whether its order or determination is supported by substantial evidence, and whether its action is reasonable and not arbitrary. Ellard; Little Caesar's, Inc. v. Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Bd., 386 So.2d 224 (Ala.Civ.App.1979); 73 C.J.S. Public Administrative Law and Procedure, § 202, et seq. (1951).

The minimum due process requirements that must be met in revoking probation or parole are (1) written notice of the claimed violations of probation or parole, (2) disclosure to the probationer or parolee of the evidence against him or her, (3) an opportunity to be heard in person and to present witnesses and documentary evidence, (4) the right to confront and to cross-examine adverse witnesses, unless the hearing officer specifically finds good cause for not allowing confrontation, (5) a neutral and detached hearing body, and (6) a written statement by the factfinders as to the evidence relied on and the reasons for revoking probation and parole. Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 92 S.Ct. 2593, 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972); Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 93 S.Ct. 1756, 36 L.Ed.2d 656 (1973); Armstrong v. State, 294 Ala. 100, 312 So.2d 620 (1975); Udoakang v. State, 678 So.2d 306 (Ala.Cr.App. 1996); Grimes v. State, 579 So.2d 693 (Ala. Cr.App.1991).

After reviewing the record of the Board's final parole revocation hearing, we find that the due process requirements set out in Morrissey were not satisfied. For this reason, we do not agree with the circuit court's finding that the appellant received a "fair and impartial" hearing before the Board that satisfied all due process requirements. In its order of revocation and in the affidavit filed by the Board chairman, who conducted the revocation hearing, the Board sets out the evidence it relied upon in revoking the parole. That evidence consisted solely of the parole officer's report of parole violations and the preliminary revocation hearing report, which were hearsay.

While hearsay evidence may be admitted in parole and probation revocation hearings at the discretion of the factfinders, hearsay evidence cannot be the sole basis for revoking probation or parole in this state. Ex parte Belcher, 556 So.2d 366 (Ala.1989); Mallette v. State, 572 So.2d 1316 (Ala.Cr.App. 1990); Hollis v. State, 598 So.2d 38 (Ala.Cr. App.1992). Here the two written reports were the sole basis for the revocation of the parole. The parole officer who had firsthand knowledge of the alleged parole...