Kalyanaram v. University of Texas System

• Decision Date: 07 August 2007
• Docket Number: No. 05-05-01493-CV.,05-05-01493-CV.
• Citation: 230 S.W.3d 921
• Parties: Gurumurthy KALYANARAM, Appellant v. The UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM, The University of Texas at Dallas, and Robert Lovitt, Individually and in his Official Capacity as Authorized Representative and Agent of UT Parties, Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

230 S.W.3d 921

Gurumurthy KALYANARAM, Appellant v. The UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM, The University of Texas at Dallas, and Robert Lovitt, Individually and in his Official Capacity as Authorized Representative and Agent of UT Parties, Appellees.

No. 05-05-01493-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas, Dallas.

August 7, 2007.

Cameron D. Gray, Law Office of Cameron D. Gray, Dallas, for Appellant.

William T. Deane, Asst. Atty. Gen., Austin, for Appellee.

Before Justices WHITTINGTON, MOSELEY, and O'NEILL.

OPINION

Opinion by Justice MOSELEY.

Gurumurthy Kalyanaram appeals the grant of summary judgment in favor of the University of Texas System, the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD), and Robert Lovitt, individually and in his official capacity. He brings two issues: (1) the trial court erred in dismissing his breach of contract claim where the motions for summary judgment did not seek that relief and were filed before he pleaded that claim; and (2) the trial court erred in granting appellees' motions for summary judgment for sovereign or official immunity in a suit based upon actions relating to their settlement of prior litigation.

For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court's judgment as to Kalyanaram's intentional tort claims and as to his claims against Lovitt. We reverse the trial court's judgment as to Kalyanaram's claim for breach of the Settlement Agreement by the University of Texas System and UTD and remand that claim to the trial court for further proceedings.

I. BACKGROUND

A. Previous Litigation

Kalyanaram was a professor at UTD. According to his pleadings, he informed his superiors at UTD that other professors and employees were misappropriating state funds. Later, UTD officers accused Kalyanaram of fraud and theft regarding his expense reimbursements and offered him the choice of either resigning or having the information referred to the Collin County District Attorney for prosecution. He refused to resign. Subsequently, the accusations were referred to the District Attorney. UTD began termination proceedings. Kalyanaram filed civil suits related to these events against appellees and certain other university-related individuals, including a suit in Dallas County Court at Law No. 1. Subsequently, five of Kalyanaram's civil suits were resolved in a Settlement Agreement and Mutual General Release. An Order of Dismissal with Prejudice was entered in the Dallas County Court at Law No. 1 suit.

B. Present Lawsuit

Kalyanaram filed his Plaintiff's Original Petition for Bill of Review against appellees and certain other university-related individuals seeking to set aside the Order of Dismissal in the Dallas County Court at Law No. 1 suit. He alleged that under the terms of the settlement agreement, UTD and the university-related individuals agreed to abandon the criminal charges against him. He asserted that UTD nevertheless pursued the criminal charges (on which he ultimately was found not guilty). He alleged the Settlement Agreement and Order of Dismissal were obtained by extrinsic fraud and that the Settlement Agreement was fraudulently induced. He asserted a claim for attorney's fees for fraud and for "breach of the settlement agreement for wrongfully pursing [sic] the criminal complaints referenced herein." Under his "attorneys' fees" claim, he alleged: "Plaintiff would show that due to Defendants' fraud and breach of contract, he hired ... a licensed attorney, to pursue the claims contained herein."

The defendants filed a No-Evidence Motion for Summary Judgment, asserting: (1) Kalyanaram had no evidence of any of the elements of a bill of review; (2) there was no evidence the defendants had waived their sovereign immunity from suit or from liability to his intentional tort claims — fraud, fraud in the inducement, and duress — pursuant to section 101.025 of the Texas Tort Claims Act, and there was no allegation that immunity from suit or from liability was waived by use of motor-driven equipment, a personal injury occurred on state property, or a premises defect pursuant to sections 101.021 and 101.022 of the Texas Tort Claims Act, see TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. §§ 101.021 (Vernon 2005), .022 (Vernon 2006 Supp.), .025 (Vernon 2005); and (3) there was no evidence the defendants had waived their sovereign immunity from suit as to any of Kalyanaram's "breach of contract attorney's fees claims" because there had been no legislative consent to file suit, citing Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission v. IT-Davy, 74 S.W.3d 849, 853 (Tex.2002).

The defendants also filed a Second Motion for Summary Judgment (For Official Immunity), reiterating their no-evidence grounds of lack of waiver of sovereign immunity and also asserting that the evidence established the individual defendants were entitled to official immunity. They supported their motion with evidence.

Subsequently, Kalyanaram filed a First Amended Petition, naming only appellees, dropping his bill of review allegations, and asserting claims for breach of contract and fraud in the inducement as to the Settlement Agreement. As to his breach of contract claim, he alleged that appellees agreed in the Settlement Agreement to refrain from making defamatory statements which could disparage or otherwise cast aspersions on him and to notify him if they were contacted by the Immigration and Naturalization Service or other government authorities. Kalyanaram alleged Lovitt breached the Settlement Agreement by failing to inform him of contacts with the District Attorney. Kalyanaram also asserted a claim for attorney's fees for fraud and breach of the Settlement Agreement. Subsequently, appellees filed a First Amended No Evidence Motion for Summary Judgment.

Kalyanaram filed a Consolidated Response to the Motions for Summary Judgment. As to the merits of the motions, he asserted there were fact issues regarding his common law fraud and fraudulent inducement claims. He also argued there were "[i]ssues regarding breach of contract claims" and incorporated by reference his argument, pleadings, and exhibits submitted with his earlier-filed Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (Contract Liability). In addition, he argued appellees were not entitled to summary judgment "on the Basis of Immunity, Jurisdiction, or Limitations." Specifically, he argued: (1) "sovereign immunity in a contract context" was waived by egregious conduct pursuant to Federal Sign v. Texas Southern University, 951 S.W.2d 401 (Tex.1997); (2) his claims were "largely Whistleblower Act-type claims" and appellees were not immune from breach of a settlement of claims that were not barred by immunity or such immunity was waived by statute or contract, citing Texas A & M University-Kingsville v. Lawson, 87 S.W.3d 518 (Tex. 2002); (3) Lovitt was not entitled to official immunity because the evidence showed he did not act in good faith; and (4) his fraud and breach of contract claims were timely filed. He supported his response with evidence. Appellees filed a reply.

Following a hearing, the trial court signed a Final Judgment. It expressly granted the defendants' No-Evidence Motion for Summary Judgment and their Second Motion for Summary Judgment and dismissed Kalyanaram's suit with prejudice. This appeal followed.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

A party may "move for summary judgment on the ground that there is no evidence of one or more essential elements of a claim or defense on which an adverse party would have the burden of proof at trial." TEX.R. CIV. P. 166a(i). Presuming such a motion otherwise complies with the rule, it must be granted unless the nonmovant party produces summary judgment evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact. Id; see Western Investments, Inc. v. Urena, 162 S.W.3d 547, 550 (Tex.2005).

A party may also move for summary judgment on traditional grounds, i.e., that there is no genuine issue as to a specified material fact and that, therefore, the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX.R. CIV. P. 166a(c). Thus, for a defendant to prevail on a traditional motion for summary judgment, he must either disprove at least one element of the plaintiff's claim as a matter of law, or conclusively establish all elements of an affirmative defense. Friendswood Dev. Co. v. McDade + Co., 926 S.W.2d 280, 282 (Tex.1996). If the movant meets its burden, then and only then must the nonmovant party respond and present evidence raising a fact issue as to the material fact(s) in question. See Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d 217, 222-23 (Tex. 1999); TEX.R. CIV. P. 166a(c).

We review de novo the trial court's granting of a no-evidence or a traditional motion for summary judgment, examining "`the entire record in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, indulging every reasonable inference and resolving any doubts against the motion.'" Sudan v. Sudan, 199 S.W.3d 291, 292 (Tex.2006) (per curiam) (quoting City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 823 (Tex.2005)).

A summary judgment cannot be affirmed on grounds other than those specified in the motion. TEX.R. CIV. P. 166a(c), 166a(i). However, if the trial court's order does not specify the grounds on which the summary judgment was granted, we must affirm if any of the grounds specified in the motion are meritorious. See Provident Life & Acc. Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 216 (Tex.2003). When the motion for summary judgment presented both no-evidence and traditional grounds, we first review the propriety of the summary judgment under the no-evidence standards of rule 166a(i). See Ford Motor Co. v. Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 600 (Tex.2004) (appellate court reviews no-evidence summary judgment before addressing traditional summary judgment).

We affirm a no-evidence summary judgment if, as to an essential element of the claim or defense identified in the motion: (a) there is a complete absence of evidence; (b) the court is barred by rules of law or of evidence from giving weight to the only...