Kaspari v. Kaspari

• Decision Date: 17 March 2022
• Docket Number: 20210192
• Parties: Jean KASPARI, Plaintiff and Appellee v. Thomas KASPARI, Defendant and Appellant
• Court: North Dakota Supreme Court

971 N.W.2d 846

Jean KASPARI, Plaintiff and Appellee

v.Thomas KASPARI, Defendant and Appellant

No. 20210192

Supreme Court of North Dakota.

FILED MARCH 17, 2022

Ann C. Mahoney, Center, ND, for plaintiff and appellee.

Jennifer M. Gooss, Beulah, ND, for defendant and appellant.

VandeWalle, Justice.

[¶1] Thomas Kaspari appealed from an amended judgment awarding spousal support to Jean Kaspari entered after the first appeal in this case. See Kaspari v. Kaspari , 2021 ND 63, 958 N.W.2d 139. The district court ordered Thomas Kaspari to pay $7,000 per month in spousal support to Jean Kaspari until he turns 65 years old. Thomas Kaspari argues the district court erred in the amount of spousal support it awarded. We reverse and remand.

I

[¶2] Jean and Thomas Kaspari married in 1983. The parties separated in 2013. In 2019, Jean Kaspari filed for divorce. The district court ordered Thomas Kaspari to pay interim spousal support of $2,000 per month to Jean Kaspari. The parties stipulated to a property division. A trial was held on the issues of an equalization payment, spousal support, and attorney's fees. The court granted a divorce, adopted the parties’ stipulated property division, and ordered Thomas Kaspari to pay Jean Kaspari $7,000 per month in spousal support until her death or remarriage. Judgment was entered.

[¶3] Thomas Kaspari appealed. We held the district court erred when it ordered spousal support for an unlimited period of time. Kaspari , 2021 ND 63, ¶ 7, 958 N.W.2d 139. We vacated the spousal support award and remanded the case for the district court to reconsider the issue of spousal support. Id. at ¶ 8. We did not consider Thomas Kaspari's arguments about the amount of the spousal support ordered. Id.

[¶4] After a hearing on remand, the district court ordered Thomas Kaspari to pay spousal support of $7,000 per month until he is 65 years old. An amended judgment was entered.

II

[¶5] Thomas Kaspari argues the district court erred in the amount of spousal support it awarded. He claims the court failed to properly consider the distribution of the parties’ assets and debts, the evidence does not support a finding of a need for support, and the court improperly attempted to equalize the parties’ incomes.

[¶6] A district court's decision on spousal support is a finding of fact, which will not be reversed on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous. Schmuck v. Schmuck , 2016 ND 87, ¶ 6, 882 N.W.2d 918. A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if it is induced by an erroneous view of the law, there is no evidence to support it, or if we are left with a definite and firm conviction a mistake has been made. Id.

[¶7] The district court may award spousal support under N.D.C.C. § 14-05-24.1(1). In deciding whether to award spousal support, the court must consider the Ruff-Fischer factors, including:

[T]he respective ages of the parties, their earning ability, the duration of the marriage and conduct of the parties during the marriage, their station in life, the circumstances and necessities of each, their health and physical condition, their financial circumstances as shown by the property owned at the time, its value at the time, its income-producing capacity, if any, whether accumulated before or after the marriage, and such other matters as may be material.

Woodward v. Woodward , 2013 ND 58, ¶ 4, 830 N.W.2d 82 (quoting Duff v. Kearns-Duff , 2010 ND 247, ¶ 14, 792 N.W.2d 916 ). The district court is not required to make detailed findings about each Ruff-Fischer factor, but the court must explain the rationale for its decision. Woodward , at ¶ 4.

[¶8] In addition to the Ruff-Fischer factors, the district court must also consider the needs of the spouse seeking support and the other spouse's ability to pay. Willprecht v. Willprecht , 2021 ND 17, ¶ 11, 954 N.W.2d 707. The district court is "not required to complete a calculation to ensure each party's assets, debts, and expenses are accounted for in determining spousal support; however, a clear description of the financial situation of each party is helpful for this Court in understanding the district court's rationale in awarding spousal support." Id. (quoting Berg v. Berg , 2018 ND 79, ¶ 11, 908 N.W.2d 705 ). The goal of spousal support "is not minimal self-sufficiency, but ‘adequate self-support after considering the standard of living established during the marriage, the duration of the marriage, the parties’ earning capacities, the value of the property and other Ruff-Fischer factors.’ " Woodward , 2013 ND 58, ¶ 8, 830 N.W.2d 82 (quoting Moilan v. Moilan , 1999 ND 103, ¶ 15, 598 N.W.2d 81 ).

[¶9] On remand, the district court modified the duration of the spousal support and incorporated its prior findings, but it did not modify the amount of the spousal support. The court made findings about the Ruff-Fischer factors, including the parties were married in 1983 and Jean Kaspari was 58 years old and Thomas Kaspari was 59 years old at the time of the divorce. The court found Thomas Kaspari attended medical school during the marriage, Jean Kaspari worked until 1996 when the parties agreed she should stop working to raise their children, and Jean Kaspari returned to work shortly before the parties separated. The court found the parties accumulated significant debt during the marriage related to Thomas Kaspari's return to school to receive his medical degree and the parties were making their way out of debt.

[¶10] The district court considered Jean Kaspari's need for support and Thomas Kaspari's ability to pay. The court found Jean Kaspari has an associate's degree in nursing, she makes $57,000 per year, and it would not be financially beneficial for her to go back to school due to her limited number of work years based on her age. The court also found Jean Kaspari no longer lives in a residence she owns, she testified she is unable to purchase a home, she owns one vehicle, she is unable to pay her reasonable monthly expenses without acquiring credit card debt, she is unable to provide financial support for the parties’ adult children, and she testified she is unable to do the things she enjoyed during the marriage on her salary. The court found Thomas Kaspari's income has consistently increased since the parties separated, he testified he has been working 70-80 hours each week since the separation, and he earns over $400,000 per year. The court also found Thomas Kaspari was awarded the marital home and the mortgage on the property, he has the ability to spend approximately $140,000 in a year on credit card purchases outside of his necessities, he has the ability to provide money to the parties’ adult children and pay for vacations with the children, and he has spent large amounts of money on various items, including international travel, tractors, and a plane.

[¶11] The district court ordered Thomas Kaspari to pay $7,000 a month in spousal support, explaining:

The difference between the parties’ earning ability is significant. [Jean Kaspari] earns $57,000 each year and [Thomas Kaspari] earns over $400,000 each year working as a physician.... The Court does note [Thomas Kaspari] is not likely to continue to earn his current income into the next thirty years as requested by [Jean Kaspari]. Income disparity will persist through their careers, therefore, the Court will order the duration of spousal support in this case to cease when [Thomas Kaspari] reaches the age of 65 years old, a standard and widely accepted retirement age. The Court finds this is an appropriate remedy to equalize the burdens of the divorce.

[Jean Kaspari] is entitled to permanent spousal support in the amount of $7,000 each month until [Thomas Kaspari] reaches the age of sixty-five (65) years. [Thomas Kaspari] currently has the ability to pay this amount to [Jean Kaspari] with an annual income of approximately $400,000.

[¶12] However, the amount of spousal support awarded is disproportionate to the evidence of Jean Kaspari's need for support. Evidence established Jean Kaspari's income is approximately $57,000 per year. She claimed she has approximately $65,000 in annual spending, she estimated a mortgage on the residence she would like to purchase would be $1,227 per month, the mortgage payment would be less than what she was paying in rent, and she needed funds for a down payment on the home. She also claimed there are other things she would like to do, including travel and help the parties’ adult children financially. Jean Kaspari's estimated yearly expenses result in an annual budget shortfall of approximately $8,000. The evidence of Jean Kaspari's need for spousal support is inconsistent with the amount of support awarded.

[¶13] The district court's findings focus on the disparity in the parties’ incomes, explaining Jean Kaspari earns $57,000 each year and Thomas Kaspari earns over $400,000 each year. The court also found Thomas Kaspari has spent large amounts of money on various items since the parties separated, Jean Kaspari has been unable to purchase a home or do the things she enjoyed during the marriage on her salary, and the income disparity will persist through their careers. The difference in the parties’ earning power may be considered in determining spousal support, but we have not endorsed equalizing the parties’ incomes as a measure of spousal support. Woodward , 2013 ND 58, ¶ 8, 830 N.W.2d 82. The court's award, without further explanation, gives the appearance that the court was attempting to equalize the parties’ incomes.

[¶14] Although the district court made findings about the Ruff-Fischer factors and considered Jean Kaspari's need for spousal support and Thomas Kaspari's ability to pay support, the court failed to adequately explain its reason for awarding spousal support of $7,000 per month when Jean Kaspari did not show a need for that amount. The court was not required to provide a detailed calculation of Jean Kaspari's need for spousal support, but it was required to make sufficient findings to...