Kendrick-Owens v. Clanton, S99A1186.

• Decision Date: 22 November 1999
• Docket Number: No. S99A1186.,S99A1186.
• Citation: 524 S.E.2d 237,271 Ga. 731
• Parties: KENDRICK-OWENS v. CLANTON et al.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

524 S.E.2d 237

271 Ga. 731

KENDRICK-OWENS v. CLANTON et al.

No. S99A1186.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

November 22, 1999.

Howard, Carswell & Bennett, Kenneth R. Carswell, Jesup, for appellant.

Robert B. Smith, Jesup, for appellees.

SEARS, Justice.

This case concerns whether there is sufficient evidence to support a jury verdict setting aside the will of Alene Kendrick. The caveators attacked the will based upon undue influence and lack of testamentary capacity, and the jury returned a general verdict in favor of the caveators. Because we conclude that there was insufficient evidence of undue influence, the general verdict setting aside the will must be reversed since we "`cannot determine whether the verdict was entered upon a proper basis.'"¹

Alene Kendrick executed her will on March 6, 1996, and died in November 1996. Alene's will left most of her estate to her youngest daughter, appellant Carolyn Kendrick-Owens, to the exclusion of her other daughter, appellee Dora Clanton Sharpe, and her son, appellee William Clanton. Kendrick-Owens sought to probate the March 6, 1996 will, but the appellees filed a caveat, contesting the will on the grounds of undue influence and lack of testamentary capacity. A jury returned a verdict in favor of the appellees, but the verdict form did not specify whether the jury did so based upon undue influence or lack of testamentary capacity or both.

To set aside a will and thus deprive a person of the valuable right to make a will, a stringent standard must be met.² With regard to undue influence, we have held that

[i]nfluence is considered undue only if "`it constrains or coerces a person into doing that which his best judgment tells him not to do and deprives him of his free agency and substitutes the will of another person for his own.' [Cit.]" Sims v. Sims, 265 Ga. 55, 56, 452 S.E.2d 761 (1995). Moreover, a will can be invalidated only by such undue influence as operates on the testatrix's mind at the time she executes the document. Boland v. Aycock, 191 Ga. 327, 329, 12 S.E.2d 319 (1940).³

Construing the evidence most favorably to the appellees, we conclude that the evidence is insufficient to support a finding of undue influence under the foregoing definition. In this regard, no witness testified that they ever heard Kendrick-Owens discuss the issue of changing Alene's will with her. Although there was some evidence that Kendrick-Owens had a domineering personality, and that Alene had diminished mental capacity at some points before and after she executed her will, there was evidence from both Alene's attorney and her long-time physician that at the time Alene executed her will she was lucid and of sound mind. Alene's attorney also stated that he met privately with Alene on two occasions; that on the first occasion, Alene brought a will she had executed in 1989, and explained to him the changes she wanted made to it and the reasons for those changes; and that the second time he met with Alene, it was to go over the new will and execute it. The attorney, who also witnessed the will, testified that he went over the contents of the will with Alene before she signed it. He stated that Alene understood the contents of the will and what she wanted to do and explained the reasons for her testamentary desires to him, to the other witness to the will, and to the person who notarized the will. Alene's attorney also stated that it was his opinion that Alene executed the will freely and voluntarily. The attorney added that Kendrick-Owens never discussed Alene's will with him. The second witness to the will and the notary both testified that they were present when Alene's attorney went over each item of the will; that they heard Alene explain her reasons for the testamentary dispositions; that Alene appeared to be of sound mind; and that Alene appeared to "be doing what she wanted to do."

Having reviewed the record, and bearing in mind that a will can be invalidated only when undue influence operates on the testatrix's mind at the time she executes her will, we conclude that the evidence is insufficient to show that, at the time Alene executed her will, Kendrick-Owens constrained or coerced Alene into making a will that Alene's judgment told her not to do or that Kendrick-Owens deprived Alene of her free agency and effectively substituted her will for that of Alene.⁴ In this regard, the mere fact that Kendrick-Owens drove Alene to her attorney's office on...