Kent v. Pioneer Valley Hosp.

• Decision Date: 03 January 1997
• Docket Number: No. 960131-CA,960131-CA
• Parties: 307 Utah Adv. Rep. 28 Kathy KENT, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. PIONEER VALLEY HOSPITAL; Robert S. Keddington, M.D.; Western Emergency Physicians; and John/Jane Does 1-10, Defendants and Appellees.
• Court: Utah Court of Appeals

Page 904

930 P.2d 904

307 Utah Adv. Rep. 28

Kathy KENT, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. PIONEER VALLEY HOSPITAL; Robert S. Keddington, M.D.;

Western Emergency Physicians; and John/Jane Does

1-10, Defendants and Appellees.

No. 960131-CA.

Court of Appeals of Utah.

Jan. 3, 1997.

J. Douglas Kinateder, Salt Lake City, for Plaintiff and Appellant.

David H. Epperson and Bruce M. Pritchett, Jr., Hanson, Epperson & Smith, Salt Lake City, for Defendants and Appellees.

Before WILKINS, Associate P.J., and BILLINGS and GREENWOOD, JJ.

OPINION

BILLINGS, Judge:

Plaintiff Kathy Kent appeals the trial court's grant of summary judgment in favor of defendant Pioneer Valley Hospital. We affirm.

FACTS

In reviewing a grant of summary judgment, we recite the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Butterfield v. Okubo, 831 P.2d 97, 99 (Utah 1992).

Plaintiff went to Pioneer Valley Hospital with a migraine headache and was treated with an injection of Demerol and Phenergan. Plaintiff claims that this shot, administered to her by a nurse and prescribed by Dr. Robert S. Keddington, caused her "immediate extreme pain and discomfort." Plaintiff complained to the nurse about the pain, and a few minutes later she slid down a wall because of the pain. Plaintiff brought this action claiming the injection was given outside the acceptable quadrant of the buttocks and caused her permanent sciatic nerve damage.

The hospital moved for summary judgment and submitted a supporting affidavit from Connie Wheeler, a registered nurse. Ms. Wheeler's affidavit stated there was no breach of the standard of care owed to plaintiff. In response, plaintiff submitted an affidavit from Debbie Schimmer, also a registered nurse. Ms. Schimmer's affidavit stated she had reviewed documents pertaining to the case and personally examined plaintiff. In her opinion, the doctor and nurse at Pioneer Valley Hospital who treated plaintiff deviated from the standard of care in their treatment of plaintiff. Additionally, she opined that the tender spot she had examined on plaintiff was not in the standard area for injections but in the area of the sciatic nerve.

The trial court granted summary judgment for the hospital, concluding: "Plaintiff's affidavit has failed to establish a prima facie case of medical malpractice by the affidavit of an expert who is competent to testify on the applicable standard of care for nurses in the same or similar community as Pioneer Valley Hospital, or on proximate causation of sciatic nerve injury." Plaintiff appeals.

ANALYSIS

Plaintiff claims the trial court improperly granted summary judgment because the affidavits of the medical experts for the parties created disputed material facts as to causation and the trial court abused its discretion in determining that Ms. Schimmer lacked qualification as an expert. ¹

Summary judgment is appropriate only where there is no genuine issue of material fact in dispute and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Utah R. Civ. P. 56(c). "Because summary judgment is a conclusion of law, we give no deference to the trial court's conclusions of law but review those conclusions for correctness." Dalley v. Utah Valley Regional Med. Ctr., 791 P.2d 193, 195 (Utah 1990).

Utah courts have required plaintiffs asserting a claim of medical malpractice to prove

(1) the standard of care required of physicians under similar circumstances practicing in the same field or specialty, (2) that the applicable standard of care was breached, (3) that the injury to the plaintiff was proximately caused by the defendant's negligence, and (4) that damages occurred as a result of defendant's breach of duty.

Id. (footnotes omitted). "A plaintiff's failure to present evidence that, if believed by the trier of fact, would establish any one of the [elements] of the prima facie case justifies a grant of summary judgment to the defendant." Dikeou v. Osborn, 881 P.2d 943, 946 (Utah App.1994). In this case, the trial court determined plaintiff failed to establish a prima facie case because the expert witness affidavit plaintiff relied on was not from an expert who was competent to testify on the standard of care in the community ² or on proximate causation.

Because of the complex issues involved in a determination of proximate cause in a medical malpractice case, the plaintiff must provide expert testimony establishing that the health care provider's negligence proximately caused plaintiff's injury. ³ Chadwick v. Nielsen, 763 P.2d 817, 821 (Utah App.1988) ("Due to the technical and complex nature of a medical doctor's services, expert medical testimony must be presented at trial in order to establish the standard of care and proximate cause."); see Nixdorf v. Hicken, 612 P.2d 348, 354 n. 17 (Utah 1980) (holding plaintiff has burden of proving with some expert testimony that defendant's negligence was proximate cause of injury). Furthermore, to establish proximate cause, the plaintiff is required to produce an expert witness who is acquainted with the standards of care in the same or a similar field as the defendant. Chadwick, 763 P.2d at 822.

It is within the discretion of the trial court to determine whether a particular witness qualifies as an expert and to rule on the admissibility of the expert's testimony. See Utah R. Evid. 702; State v. Locke, 688 P.2d 464, 464 (Utah 1984) (per curiam).

By definition, an expert is one who possesses a significant depth and breadth of knowledge on a given subject. To allow a doctor in one specialty, retained as an expert witness, to become an "expert" on the standard of care in a different medical specialty by merely reading and studying the documents in a given case invites confusion, error, and a trial fraught with unreliable testimony.

Dikeou, 881 P.2d at 947.

In this case, to withstand summary judgment, plaintiff must at least create a material issue of fact as to whether the allegedly negligent injection was the proximate cause of her nerve damage, and that she, in fact, suffered damages as a result. The hospital argues that Ms. Schimmer, as a nurse, is not qualified to give an opinion as to proximate causation of nerve damage based...