King v. State, S07A1354.

• Decision Date: 09 October 2007
• Docket Number: No. S07A1354.,S07A1354.
• Citation: 282 Ga. 505,651 S.E.2d 711
• Parties: KING v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

282 Ga. 505

651 S.E.2d 711

KING v. The STATE.

No. S07A1354.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

October 9, 2007.

L. Clark Landrum, Sylvester, for Appellant.

Erika S. Johnson, Asst. Dist. Atty., Sylvester, Paul Bowden, Dist. Atty., Thurbert E. Baker, Atty. Gen., for Appellee.

CARLEY, Justice.

Gabriel Jenkins died at the age of 13 months. The autopsy showed that he suffered blunt force trauma to his abdomen, resulting in hemorrhage and, peritonitis. The child's body also displayed bruises on his face, chest, back, buttocks and thigh. The grand jury indicted Willie King, who was the live-in boyfriend of the victim's mother, on charges of murder and lesser included offenses. The jury acquitted King of malice murder, but found him guilty on two alternative counts of felony murder, with cruelty to a child and aggravated assault being the predicate felonies, and also guilty of counts charging cruelty to a child and aggravated assault separately. The trial court found that all other counts merged into the count charging felony murder during the commission of cruelty to a child, and entered judgment of conviction on the guilty verdict as to that offense and imposed a sentence of life imprisonment. King's motion for new trial was denied, and he now brings this appeal.^*

1. An independent review of the record shows that, at trial, the State introduced inculpatory statements that King made to the investigating officers. King did not testify in his own defense, but his attorney attempted to show that the victim's mother was responsible for beating the child. King's inculpatory statements were challenged as untruths that he told to protect his girlfriend. Construing the evidence most strongly in support of the guilty verdict, however, the jury was authorized to find proof beyond a reasonable doubt that King violated OCGA § 16-5-70(b)(3) by hitting the child, thereby maliciously causing him to suffer cruel and excessive physical pain and, eventually, death. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); Sauerwein v. State, 280 Ga. 438(1), 629 S.E.2d 235 (2006).

2. King contends that he was denied his constitutional right to counsel, because his trial attorney did not provide him with effective legal representation.

To prevail on that claim requires proof that counsel's performance was deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). In order to meet this burden, King must overcome the strong presumption that the performance of his defense counsel falls within the broad range of reasonable conduct. Cit. Here, that presumption was reinforced by the testimony of King's trial attorney herself, who appeared at the hearing on the motion for new trial where she explained her challenged actions and inactions. Having heard all of the evidence, including counsel's testimony, the trial court found no merit in the ineffectiveness claim. On appeal, this Court accepts the trial court's findings of fact, unless they are clearly erroneous. However, the trial court's legal conclusions are reviewed de novo. Cit.

Wiggins v. State, 280 Ga. 627, 628-629(2), 632 S.E.2d 80 (2006).

a) King first alleges that counsel was ineffective in failing to request a jury instruction on involuntary manslaughter as a lesser included offense.

At the hearing on the motion for new trial, trial counsel testified she had difficulty obtaining King's cooperation, and that "he would not speak to her about the facts of the case." The explanation he gave to her for making inculpatory statements to the officers was that he "said it, but he didn't do it." Based upon that, the attorney concluded that she

had to go along with the theory that it had to be that the girlfriend did it instead of King doing it himself. . . . We also tried to set up that theory in interviewing other witnesses in the case who said how they had seen King around the child as opposed to how the mother reacted to the child.

Insofar as the jury instructions are concerned, King's counsel

researched issues of voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter to see if they fit in with the theory of the case. Of course, now, with him . . . it was a thing of "I did not do it." So it's contradictory to go back in and request alternate charges when you're saying, "no, I did not do it at all."

Accordingly, the record clearly shows that King's lawyer made the tactical decision to defend her client on the basis that he was innocent of any offense involving the death of the child, rather than by conceding that he was guilty of some lesser degree of homicide than murder. It is immaterial that another attorney may have made a different strategic decision and, relying on King's inculpatory statements instead of his claim of innocence, maintained that he was guilty only of involuntary manslaughter. See generally Arnett v. State, 245 Ga. 470, 472(3), 265 S.E.2d 771 (1980). "There are countless ways to provide effective assistance in any given case. Even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend a particular client in the same way." Strickland v. Washington, supra at 689(III)(A), 104 S.Ct. 2052. "`Decisions about which jury charges to request are strategic and provide no grounds for reversal unless such tactical decisions are so patently unreasonable that no competent attorney would have chosen them.' Cits." Leonard v. State, 279 Ga.App. 192, 194-195(2)(b), 630 S.E.2d 804 (2006). Based upon her interviews with King, it was entirely reasonable for the trial attorney to base the...