Klein v. American Luggage Works, Inc.

• Decision Date: 17 March 1960
• Citation: 158 A.2d 814,2 Storey 406,52 Del. 406
• Parties: , 52 Del. 406 Phil KLEIN, Appellant, v. AMERICAN LUGGAGE WORKS, INC., Appellee.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Delaware

Page 814

158 A.2d 814

2 Storey 406, 52 Del. 406

Phil KLEIN, Appellant, v. AMERICAN LUGGAGE WORKS, INC., Appellee.

Supreme Court of Delaware.

March 17, 1960.

David Snellenburg, II, of Killoran & Van Brunt, Wilmington, for defendant below, appellant.

Ernest S. Wilson, Jr., of Morford, Young & Conaway, Wilmington, for plaintiff below, appellee.

SOUTHERLAND, C. J., and WOLCOTT and BRAMHALL, JJ., sitting.

BRAMHALL, Justice.

On August 14, 1956, plaintiff brought suit against defendant for $3,751.61 for goods sold and delivered by plaintiff, a luggage manufacturer, to defendant, a 'discount house', in the City of Wilmington. Defendant admitted the sale and delivery but asserted in defense that the goods were deficient in quality. He also filed a counterclaim based upon an alleged agreement that defendant should have the exclusive right to sell plaintiff's luggage in the State of Delaware.

On November 20, 1956, defendant filed a second counterclaim, in which he contended that he had elected to rescind the sale of the luggage and had offered to return it. On February 13, 1957, a pre-trial order was entered in the Superior Court to the effect that plaintiff was entitled to judgment in the sum of $3,751.61, with interest, except as to whatever extent plaintiff's recovery might be extinguished by defendant's counterclaim.

At the first trial on April 18, 1957, a verdict for plaintiff in the sum of $4,019.11 was directed. The basis of the Court's order was that defendant had elected rescission as his remedy and the notice of rescission was not timely as a matter of law. A motion for a new trial was granted on the ground that defendant had misconceived his remedy and should be permitted to amend his answer to permit him to present a remedy other than rescission. On November 21, 1957, defendant filed his second amended answer, asserting an exclusive dealer's contract by way of extinction or diminution of the purchase price. In this answer, defendant alleged an exclusive dealer's contract within the City of Wilmington, reflecting defendant's testimony at the trial. A motion for summary judgment was filed by plaintiff on the ground that the amended answer failed to allege a breach of that contract.

On January 13, 1958, defendant in answer to said motion filed an affidavit in which it was alleged, for the first time, that plaintiff and defendant had orally agreed that plaintiff would fill all of defendant's orders for luggage on a requirements basis. Defendant did not state, or even attempt to estimate, what such requirements would be. No explanation was made as to why such a contract had not been mentioned previously. Nevertheless, upon the basis of this affidavit, the Court below denied plaintiff's motion for summary judgment.

When the case came to trial for the second time on November 17, 1958, the trial court again directed a verdict for plaintiff upon the ground that defendant's notice to plaintiff of his intention to hold plaintiff liable in damages for breach of the requirements contract was insufficient. Defendant's motion for a new trial was denied. Defendant then appealed to this Court from the denial of his motion for a new trial.

Under the opinion of this Court in the case of Trowell v. Diamond Supply Company, 8 Terry 422, 91 A.2d 797, defendant's appeal is necessarily limited to the question of whether or not the trial court in refusing to grant defendant's motion for a new trial was guilty of an abuse of discretion. Defendant concedes that this is so.

Defendant contends that no notice of defendant's claim against plaintiff by reason of the alleged requirements contract was necessary. It is further alleged that plaintiff through his salesman waived the untimeliness and form of the notice. Defendant claims that in any event plaintiff received sufficient notice.

Both plaintiff and defendant have tried this case at both trials as one involving an alleged breach of warranty based upon 6 Del.C.1953, § 711(a), providing, in substance, that the injured party may treat the non-performance of any condition in the contract as a breach of warranty. It was so treated by the trial court in both trials. It was briefed and argued upon this basis before this Court. We therefore consider this case in the manner in which it was presented to us and do not pass upon any question which might arise as to whether defendant's contention in law constituted a breach of warranty.

Was defendant required to give notice to plaintiff of plaintiff's breach of the alleged requirements contract?

Defendant's right of action is now based solely upon the alleged requirements contract for the loss which defendant is alleged to have sustained to the stock which he purchased from plaintiff because of plaintiff's refusal to make future deliveries in accordance with this contract. As we understand defendant's contention, defendant says that 6 Del.C.1953, § 749, Laws of Delaware, relating to notice, applies only to those cases involving a defect of quantity, quality, lack of conformity to sample, failure to comply with description or some other circumstance causing money damage to the buyer, or a failure to deliver on time. Defendant cites the cases of Maxwell Co. v. Southern Oregon Gas Corp., 158 Or. 168, 74 P.2d 594, 75 P.2d 9, 114 A.L.R. 697, 706; O'Connor v. Tesdale, 34 Wash.2d 259, 209 P.2d 274, and Knoxville Sangravel Material Co. v. Dunn, 25 Tenn.App. 93, 151 S.W.2d 174, as authority for the statement in defendant's brief that § 749 is not applicable in the case of a breach of warranty of title. Defendant cites the case of Zahn v. Gulf Oil Corp., 204 Misc. 678, 125 N.Y.S.2d 55, as authority for defendant's contention that notice is not required in the case of 'short weight' or 'overpayment'. Presumably, defendant considers that these cases are in some manner analogous to the present case.

6 Del.C.1953, § 749, which is the same as § 49 of the Uniform Sales Act, is as follows:

'In the absence of express or implied agreement of the parties, acceptance of the goods by the buyer shall not discharge the seller from liability in damages or other legal remedy for the breach of any promise or warranty in the contract to sell or the sale. But, if, after acceptance of the goods the buyer fail to give notice to the seller of the breach of any promise or warranty within a reasonable time after the buyer knows, or ought to know of such breach, the seller shall not be liable therefor.'

The purpose of § 49 of the Uniform Sales Act and of § 749 of the similar statute in this State was to ameliorate the harshness of the common law rule that mere acceptance on the part of the buyer of title to the property in question constituted a waiver of any remedies for a breach of warranty on the part of the buyer and, at the same time, to give to the seller some protection against stale claims by requiring prompt notice of such claim. Hazelton v. First National Stores, 88 N.H. 409, 190 A. 280; American Mfg. Co. v. United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corp., 2 Cir., 7 F.2d 565; Texas Motorcoaches v. A. C. F. Motors Co., 3 Cir., 154 F.2d 91.

We agree that in most of the cases involving an interpretation of § 49 of the Uniform Sales Act, or the equivalent section in the different states, the question involved is a breach of warranty relating to the quantity or quality of the articles sold, but in our opinion this section is not limited to such purposes. American Mfg. Co. v. United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corp., supra; Trimount Lumber Co. v. Murdough, 229 Mass. 254, 118 N.E. 280; Wildman Mfg. Co. v. Davenport Hosiery Mills, 147 Tenn. 551, 249 S.W. 984; Whitfield v. Jessup, 31 Cal.2d 826, 193 P.2d 1. See 3 Williston on Sales (Rev.Ed.), § 484(b). The language of this section is clear, and, we think, is not open to construction. It is specifically stated therein that the section relates to any promise or warranty. It is also provided in this section that in the event of a failure on the part of the buyer to comply with this condition, he may not recover upon his counterclaim.

We do not pass upon the correctness of the decisions cited by defendant in his brief, although we might question some of the language therein limiting the application of this section. We think that these cases do not relate, even remotely, to the facts of the present case. In the cases cited by defendant the basis of the counterclaim filed was, or at least should have been, fully known to plaintiff, probably much better than to defendant. In the present case, it was only after the case had been tried the first time and while a motion for a new trial was pending, nearly two years...