Knecht v. Vandalia Medical Center, Inc.

• Decision Date: 29 February 1984
• Parties: , 14 O.B.R. 145 KNECHT, Appellant, v. VANDALIA MEDICAL CENTER, INC. et al., Appellees.
• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals

Page 129

14 Ohio App.3d 129

470 N.E.2d 230, 14 O.B.R. 145

KNECHT, Appellant, v. VANDALIA MEDICAL CENTER, INC. et al., Appellees.

Court of Appeals of Ohio, Second District, Montgomery County.

Feb. 29, 1984.

Syllabus by the Court

1. An employee of a physician has no legal duty to refrain from divulging confidential medical information concerning a patient of that physician. Under a proper factual posture, the patient may have a claim for relief for invasion of her right to privacy.

2. A statement falls within the purview of a qualified or conditional privilege where a commonality of interest exists between the publisher and the recipient and the communication is of a kind reasonably calculated to protect that interest.

3. Ordinarily, an act committed by a servant when he is off duty, as at the noon hour, is not within the scope of his employment, and the master is not liable therefor.

John E. Breidenback, Dayton, for appellant.

Robert F. Cowdrey, Dayton, for appellee Vandalia Medical Center, Inc.

Leo F. Krebs, Dayton, for appellee Frances Gillespie.

ZIEGEL, Judge.

Plaintiff-appellant's complaint sets forth a claim for damages for invasion of her right to privacy. Plaintiff, Donna J. Knecht, individually and as next friend of Amber Higgins, a minor, alleges that she was a patient of physicians employed by the defendant-appellee Vandalia Medical Center, Inc., and that the defendant-appellee Frances Gillespie was a non-professional employee of the medical center. She complains that as such employee Gillespie acquired confidential information as to the physician-patient relationship between her and the physicians employed by the medical center; and that Gillespie, without her consent or authorization, tortiously and intentionally divulged to unauthorized individuals the nature and cause of medical treatment and advice she had received from the medical center, for which she demands both compensatory and punitive damages. After filing appropriate answers and completing discovery, each appellee moved for summary judgment. Without amplifying its opinion, the trial court sustained each motion and rendered judgment in favor of the appellees, from which judgment this appeal has been duly perfected. Error is assigned that the trial court erred in sustaining the motions for summary judgment.

There are no material factual disputes. For a number of years appellant had been a patient at the medical center, where Gillespie was employed as a secretary-receptionist. In May 1980, appellant received treatment at the medical center for a venereal disease ("V.D."), and through her employment at the medical center, Gillespie became aware of this treatment. A short time before September 9, 1980, Gillespie's son, John, a high school senior, had been employed by Thrifty Rent-A-Car, along with two other young men and two young women, one of whom was appellant, to drive cars from Vandalia to Kansas City. These five returned in the same car, and for reasons unimportant to this case, the return trip took longer than Thrifty management though it should have taken. On September 9, 1980, when Gillespie came home for lunch, her son advised her that Thrifty said they could never drive for them again because of the time they took, and that Thrifty thought that the reason for the time length was because the young men were "messing around" with the "girls." Gillespie inquired as to who the "girls" were, and when she found out that one of them was appellant, she told her son, "Well, if this is true, then you'd better get yourself checked at the doctor's office," and she told him that appellant had been checked for V.D. She admitted that this information was very confidential, but that out of shock or protection as a mother she had told her son. She did not inquire as to whether John had any sexual contact with appellant, and there is no evidence to that effect. Thereafter, John told Phil Sisk, one of the young men on the Kansas City trip. There was no evidence that anyone else received information as to appellant's V.D. history from Gillespie, John or Phil.

As to the awarding of summary judgment to Gillespie, appellant contends that Gillespie had no legal excuse for her divulgence of confidential medical information concerning appellant, and that such wrongful divulgence of such information is actionable in Ohio. Appellant's primary reliance is placed upon Hammonds v. Aetna Cas. Ins. Co. (N.D.Ohio 1965), 237 F.Supp. 96. That case however, involved the primary question of whether an insurance company could be legally liable for inducing the breach of a confidential relationship between a physician and patient. In dicta, that court did discuss the physician-patient relationship and concluded that because of R.C. 2317.02, the statute which prevents a physician from testifying in court as to certain facets of the physician-patient relationship, and R.C. 4731.22, a statute which makes willful betraying of professional confidence a basis for disciplinary action against the violating physician the patient had a cause of action against the physician. That case did not discuss the question of whether a claim for relief arose against an employee of the physician who disclosed confidential information. It has been held that the provisions against testifying in R.C. 2317.02 do not apply to a nurse. See Weis v. Weis (1947), 147 Ohio St. 416, 72 N.E.2d 245 , wherein paragraph four of the syllabus provides:

"Section 11494, General Code [now R.C. 2317.02], making privileged communications between certain persons, being in derogation of the common law, must be strictly construed, and consequently such section affords protection only to those relationships which are specifically named therein. The relationship of nurse and patient not being named in the statute...