Kytel Intern. Group, Inc. v. Rent-a-Center

• Decision Date: 29 April 2004
• Docket Number: No. 05-03-01593-CV.,05-03-01593-CV.
• Citation: 132 S.W.3d 717
• Parties: KYTEL INTERNATIONAL GROUP, INC., Appellant v. RENT-A-CENTER, INC., Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

132 S.W.3d 717

KYTEL INTERNATIONAL GROUP, INC., Appellant v. RENT-A-CENTER, INC., Appellee.

No. 05-03-01593-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas, Dallas.

April 29, 2004.

Charles L. Stinneford, Jeffrey Ross Bale, Sugar Land, for Appellant.

Diane K. Lettelleir, Winstead, Sechrest & Minick, P.C., Dallas, for Appellee.

Before Justices MORRIS, FITZGERALD, and FRANCIS.

OPINION

Opinion by Justice MORRIS.

In this interlocutory appeal, appellant Kytel International Group, Inc. appeals an order denying its special appearance in a lawsuit for declaratory relief and damages brought by appellee Rent-A-Center. In a single issue, Kytel contends the trial court erred in denying its special appearance because it does not have sufficient contacts with Texas. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court's order.

Rent-A-Center is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Plano, Texas with stores across the United States. Kytel is a telecommunications service provider incorporated in Delaware with its principal place of business in New York. The parties' dispute arose after Rent-A-Center discovered its long distance service for all of its telephone lines nationwide had been switched to a new carrier. In their petition, Rent-A-Center alleged it never authorized the switch and that Kytel used forms purportedly signed by a manager of a single Rent-A-Center store in New York to switch the long distance service for all telephone lines in Rent-A-Center stores nationwide over to Kytel. Rent-A-Center further alleged the trial court had personal jurisdiction over Kytel because it did business in Texas by advertising its telecom services to Texas residents through its web site, providing telecom services to Texas residents, and committing a tort, in whole or part, in Texas.

Kytel filed a special appearance contesting the trial court's exercise of personal jurisdiction over it. Specifically, Kytel contended it was not a resident of Texas, did not conduct any business activity in Texas, did not purposefully direct its activities to Texas, and appellee's cause of action did not arise from or relate to Kytel's contacts with Texas.

Before reviewing the merits of the trial court's ruling on Kytel's special appearance, we first address a defect in Kytel's motion. Rule 120a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure requires a special appearance be made on sworn motion. See Tex.R. Civ. P. 120a. We have previously held that rule 120a requires strict compliance and, therefore, a trial court does not err in denying an unsworn special appearance. See Casino Magic Corp. v. King, 43 S.W.3d 14, 18, (Tex.App.-Dallas 2001, pet. denied). Like the special appearance before the court in Casino Magic, Kytel's special appearance was neither sworn nor verified. Accordingly, we cannot conclude the trial court erred in denying it. See id.

Even absent this defect in Kytel's motion, however, we would still conclude the trial court did not err in denying Kytel's special appearance. The Texas long-arm statute delineates when a Texas court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. §§ 17.041-17.069 (Vernon 1997 & Supp.2004). The broad language of our long-arm statute authorizes the exercise of personal jurisdiction so long as it meets federal due process requirements. BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex.2002). Due process is satisfied when the defendant has minimum contacts with the forum state and the exercise of personal jurisdiction comports with traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. Id. The minimum contacts analysis requires us to determine whether the nonresident defendant purposefully availed itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum state, thereby invoking the benefits and protections of its laws. See Magic House AB v. Shelton Beverage L.P., 99 S.W.3d 903, 908 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2003, no pet.).

A defendant's contacts with the forum state can give rise to either general or specific jurisdiction. CSR Ltd. v. Link, 925 S.W.2d 591, 595 (Tex.1996). In the case before us, we limit our jurisdictional review to the issue of specific jurisdiction because the parties agree that Kytel is not subject to Texas's general jurisdiction. Specific jurisdiction is created when the defendant's alleged liability arises from or is related to its contacts within the forum. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 796. As a nonresident defendant challenging personal jurisdiction, Kytel has the burden of negating all bases of personal jurisdiction. Magic House, 99 S.W.3d at 909.

The exercise of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident is ultimately a question of law that often requires the resolution of factual issues as well. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 794. We review the trial court's fact findings for legal and factual sufficiency but conduct a de novo review of its legal conclusions. Id. Because the trial court did not file findings of fact and conclusions of law in the case, we must imply all facts necessary to uphold the trial court's order so long as they are supported by the evidence. Id. at 795.

The record before us shows that Kytel undertook to provide long distance service for Rent-A-Center locations nationwide, including its stores in Texas. There was documentary evidence of two Kytel order forms identifying Rent-A-Center in Plano, Texas as its customer. The customer billing and service addresses listed on the Kytel forms were for Rent-A-Center's corporate headquarters in Plano, Texas. These forms also contained a "Letter of Authorization" naming Kytel as Rent-A-Center's long distance carrier and appointing "[Kytel's] affiliated companies as agent (...