Landers v. State
| Decision Date | 26 October 1998 |
| Docket Number | No. S98A1202.,S98A1202. |
| Citation | 270 Ga. 189,508 S.E.2d 637 |
| Parties | LANDERS v. The STATE. |
| Court | Georgia Supreme Court |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
Brian Steel, The Steel Law Firm, P.C., Atlanta, for Rodney M. Landers.
William T. McBroom, III, Dist. Atty., Daniel A. Hiatt, Asst. Dist. Atty., Griffin, Thurbert E. Baker, Atty. Gen., H. Maddox Kilgore, Asst. Atty. Gen., Paula K. Smith, Senior Asst. Atty. Gen., Department of Law, Atlanta, for the State.
Rodney M. Landers was convicted of the 1989 shooting death of Ronnie Goodman.1 Landers contends that the prosecutor improperly questioned him about his failure to inform police that he shot the victim in self-defense and that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the prosecutor's questions and arguments. Although we agree that the prosecutor improperly commented on Landers' silence, Landers did not object at trial and cannot now show that his counsel's failure to object prejudiced him under the stringent standard for proving ineffective assistance of counsel. Therefore, we affirm.
1. The evidence at trial shows that Landers argued with Goodman after Goodman failed to buy marijuana for Landers or return his money. Landers left, but later returned with a friend, Patrick Frazier. Frazier renewed the quarrel with Goodman and coaxed him into the yard. During the argument, Goodman held an iron horseshoe stob and threatened to use it if Frazier jumped him. Four witnesses testified that Landers came around the building and between the cars, stood 15 to 20 feet from Goodman, pulled a gun from behind his back, and started shooting. There was no conversation between the two men. Two witnesses further testified that Landers walked over to where Goodman lay after he fell and shot him one or two more times. In defense, Landers testified that he shot two times as Goodman came after him with the iron pipe. The pathologist testified that Goodman bled to death as a result of gunshot wounds to his shoulder and chest. After reviewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury's determination of guilt, we conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found Landers guilty of the crime charged.2
2. In Mallory v. State,3 we held that the state may not comment on either a defendant's silence prior to arrest or failure to come forward voluntarily, even when the defendant chooses to testify at trial. Applying a balancing test, we reasoned that a prosecutor's comment on a defendant's pre-arrest silence should be excluded because it was far more prejudicial than probative.4 In this case, the state improperly commented on Landers' failure to come forward during both its cross-examination of him and its closing argument.5 However, this error was not preserved for appellate review because trial counsel did not object to the prosecutor's questions or argument.6
3. Although Landers' contends that he was entitled to a jury instruction on circumstantial evidence because the state's case was solely circumstantial, the state presented direct evidence that he shot Goodman. Four eyewitnesses testified that they saw Landers shoot Goodman at least five times and two witnesses also testified that they saw Landers shoot Goodman in the back as he lay motionless on the ground. Because there was both direct and circumstantial evidence at trial and Landers failed to request a charge on circumstantial evidence, the trial court was not required to charge the jury on circumstantial evidence.7
4. Landers alleges ineffective assistance of counsel based on trial counsel's failure to request a jury instruction on circumstantial evidence and to object to the prosecutor's improper comments. To prove trial counsel is ineffective, a defendant must show that counsel's performance was deficient and that "the deficient performance prejudiced the defense."8 Since the state's case rested primarily on direct evidence and Landers testified that he shot Goodman in self defense, Landers' trial counsel was not deficient in declining to request a jury charge on circumstantial evidence. Moreover, Landers has failed to show that he was prejudiced by his counsel's failure to request the charge or object to the prosecutor's improper comments. Given the overwhelming evidence of Landers' guilt, he cannot show a reasonable probability that the jury would have had a reasonable doubt respecting his guilt, if his counsel had requested the charge or made the proper objection to the state's cross-examination and argument.
5. Finally, the trial court properly admitted evidence of Landers' escape from jail while awaiting trial and was not required to give a limiting instruction to the jury without a request.9 Generally, evidence of flight and escape from...
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...agent's allegedly impermissible comment, Green failed to preserve his claim of error for appellate review. See Landers v. State, 270 Ga. 189, 190-191(2), 508 S.E.2d 637 (1998); Binns v. State, 296 Ga.App. 537, 540(2), 675 S.E.2d 265 7. According to Green, the state improperly placed his cha......
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...and, generally, such an objection cannot be raised for the first time in a motion for a new trial or on appeal. Landers v. State, 270 Ga. 189(2), 508 S.E.2d 637 (1998); Roberts v. State, 231 Ga. 395(1), 202 S.E.2d 43 (1973). When no objection has been made at trial, such allegedly improper ......
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