Large v. Hayes By and Through Nesbitt

• Decision Date: 30 September 1988
• Citation: 534 So.2d 1101
• Parties: E. Ray LARGE v. Stephanie HAYES, a minor, by and through her guardian ad litem, Charles R. NESBITT; and Artis Hayes. Jerry L. THORNTON v. Stephanie HAYES, a minor, by and through her guardian ad litem, Charles R. NESBITT; and Artis Hayes. 87-456, 87-457.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

Page 1101

534 So.2d 1101

E. Ray LARGE v. Stephanie HAYES, a minor, by and through her guardian ad litem, Charles R. NESBITT; and Artis Hayes.

Jerry L. THORNTON v. Stephanie HAYES, a minor, by and through her guardian ad litem, Charles R. NESBITT; and Artis Hayes.

87-456, 87-457.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

Sept. 30, 1988.

Frank M. Bainbridge of Porterfield, Scholl, Bainbridge, Mims, & Harper, Birmingham, for appellant E. Ray Large.

Sterling G. Culpepper, Jr., of Balch & Bingham, Montgomery, for appellant Jerry L. Thornton.

H. Lewis Gillis, Montgomery, for appellee Stephanie Hayes.

Larry L. Raby, Montgomery, for appellee Artis Hayes.

Stephen D. Heninger of Heninger, Burge and Vargo, Birmingham, for amicus curiae The Alabama Trial Lawyers Ass'n.

Karon O. Bowdre of Rives & Peterson, Birmingham, for amicus curiae The Alabama Defense Lawyers Ass'n.

HOUSTON, Justice.

The gist of this action is a claim that E. Ray Large and Jerry L. Thornton, as attorneys for Stephanie Hayes, a permanently brain damaged minor, breached their duty to Stephanie in the settlement of an underlying medical malpractice case, by collecting a 50% fee from monthly annuity payments in accordance with a settlement approved by the Circuit Court of Montgomery County, Alabama. ¹ In count I, Stephanie, through her guardian ad litem, sought to vacate the order approving the settlement, which had been entered four years and two months prior to the filing of the complaint in this case, and the entry of "an order which is equitable and provides for the best interest of Stephanie Hayes." In count II, Large, Thornton, and Artis Hayes (Stephanie's father, who was Stephanie's "next friend" in the medical malpractice suit and who admitted the allegations in this action) were alleged to have breached a duty to act in Stephanie's best interest by "negligently agreeing to the entry of judgment not in the best interest of Stephanie," and count II sought damages in the amount of $750 per month (which is the amount of the attorney fee received each month) for the term of the annuity plus "any additional legal or equitable relief to which [Stephanie] may be entitled including attorney's fees." Stephanie's contention was restated, in the pre-trial order, as follows:

"That the defendants breached their duty to provide for the best interest by entering into the fee arrangement made the basis of this suit.

"Further plaintiff contends the arrangement is due to be set aside as it is not in the best interest of Stephanie Hayes."

Artis Hayes filed a cross-claim against Thornton. Large and Thornton asserted as defenses that the order approving the settlement and fees was valid and binding and that the plaintiff's complaint was an invalid collateral attack on the judgment; res judicata; collateral estoppel; laches; and the statute of limitations.

The summary judgment motions filed by Large and Thornton were denied. Count II, the "negligence" count, was tried to a jury, which returned a verdict in favor of Stephanie and in favor of Artis Hayes on his cross-claim, with no amount of damages specified in either verdict.

The trial court entered an order for Stephanie and against Thornton and Large for $59,516 "representing the total of the Seven Hundred Fifty Dollars ($750) per month paid to all Plaintiff's attorneys commencing April 30, 1982 through October 30, 1987 and interest thereon compounded monthly at 6%." The order further directed the clerk to notify the insurance company responsible for paying the annuity to send the attorneys' portion of the annuity ($750 per month) to the clerk of the court, to be deposited at interest pending appeal. A guardian ad litem fee of $8,467.50 was taxed as costs against Large and Thornton, and a $1,000 fee was awarded to Artis Hayes's attorney and taxed as costs against Thornton. After the trial court denied their motions for new trial or for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, Large and Thornton appealed. We reverse and render.

On March 26, 1982, a pro ami hearing was conducted by the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Alabama, in Civil Action No. CV-80-1184-H, in which Artis Hayes and Stephanie were plaintiffs (Stephanie's medical malpractice case). The defendants were certain individual physicians and a professional association. A certified copy of the transcript of that hearing was an exhibit in the present case and it was an exhibit at the time the trial court denied Large and Thornton's motions for summary judgment, directed verdict, and J.N.O.V. In Stephanie's medical malpractice case, the trial judge, before approving the settlement that is being attacked in this case, heard oral testimony from Stephanie's mother and father, who had been appointed her guardians by the Probate Court of Lowndes County; observed Stephanie, who was present in court; viewed a video tape, "A Day in the Life of Stephanie C. Hayes"; and reviewed the depositions of Stephanie's mother and father and five physicians. Thereafter, the trial court found that Stephanie had suffered brain damage that rendered her totally disabled for the remainder of her life; that Stephanie's interests had been adequately and vigorously represented by and through her father, next friend, and legal guardian, Artis Hayes, and his attorneys, including Large and Thornton; that there were substantial and real issues as to whether the defendant physicians and professional association were liable for Stephanie's brain damage; and that the settlement was in Stephanie's best interest and was just, fair, and equitable. The trial court then ordered and directed the defendant physicians and professional association "[to] obtain the issuance of an annuity contract ... [to] provide monthly payments in the amount of $750 to Artis Hayes and Jessie Lou Hayes, co-guardians of the estate of Stephanie Hayes, and $750 to the attorneys for the plaintiffs for a period of thirty (30) years or the life of Stephanie Hayes, whichever is greater." In addition, the defendants were ordered to pay a lump sum "up front" in three drafts--one in the amount of $146,249.34 to Artis Hayes, as father and next friend of Stephanie; one in the amount of $142,249.34 to Thornton, as attorney for Artis Hayes and Stephanie; and one for $11,501.32 to Medical Services Administration, an agency of the State of Alabama. The order provided: "The provisions contained in this order shall be deemed and are hereby declared to be a final judgment which in all respects shall operate as a final judgment in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant [sic]." It was dated March 26, 1982. No post-hearing motions were filed, and no appeal was taken from that final judgment.

This Court has recognized the special nature of an attempted settlement of a minor's claim. Before such a settlement can be approved, there must be a hearing, with an extensive examination of the facts, to determine whether the settlement is in the best interest of the minor. Abernathy v. Colbert County Hospital Board, 388 So.2d 1207 (Ala.1980). In Abernathy, the Court quoted, with approval, the following from Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Co. v. Hayes, 97 Ala. 201, 12 So.98 (1892):

" 'The Court may, upon being advised of the facts, upon hearing the evidence, enter up a valid and binding judgment for the amount so attempted to be agreed upon, but this is not because of the agreement at all--that should exert no influence--but because it appears from the evidence that the amount is just and fair, and a judgment therefor will be conservative of the minor's interests.' "

388 So.2d at 1209.

In Stephanie's medical malpractice case, the trial court followed Abernathy to its fullest extent. As a policy matter, should more be required? We think not.

It is the policy of the law to encourage the settlement of disputes. Maddox v. Druid City Hospital Board, 357 So.2d 974 (Ala.1978). Certainly, this policy should be elevated in litigation involving an injury to a minor. The present and future well being and security of an injured minor should not be lightly cast into the vicissitudes of a trial, if an amount and a method of payment that are just and fair, considering the evidence of liability and injury, are offered as a settlement. Once such an offer has been tested by the trial court's objective and disinterested determination that it is in the minor's best interest and a final judgment has been entered, that judgment, like any other judgment of a court that has jurisdiction of the subject matter and parties and possesses the power to render the judgment, is immune from collateral attack. Duncan v. Kent, 370 So.2d 288, 290 (Ala.1979); see, also, Greenhill v. Bear Creek Development Authority, 519 So.2d 938 (Ala.1988).

In Miller v. Thompson, 209 Ala. 469, 471, 96 So. 481, 482 (1923), the Court wrote:

" '[A]ny proceeding provided by law for the purpose of avoiding or correcting a judgment is a direct attack, which will be successful upon showing error; while an attempt to do the same thing in any other proceeding is a collateral attack, which will be successful only upon showing a want of power.' Van Fleet on Collateral Attack, § 3...."

Count II of Stephanie's complaint is a collateral attack on the judgment, for in this she seeks damages of $750 per month for the remainder of her life or a minimum of 30 years from...