Larrabee v. Capeletti Bros., Inc.

• Decision Date: 13 December 1963
• Docket Number: No. 63-272,63-272
• Citation: 158 So.2d 540
• Parties: Max E. LARRABEE, Appellant, v. CAPELETTI BROS., INC., a Florida corporation, and Bob Smith, Appellees.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 540

158 So.2d 540

Max E. LARRABEE, Appellant, v. CAPELETTI BROS., INC., a Florida corporation, and Bob Smith, Appellees.

No. 63-272.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.

Dec. 13, 1963.

Nichols, Gaither, Beckham, Colson & Spence and Alan R. Schwartz, Miami, for appellant.

Dixon, DeJarnette, Bradford, Williams, McKay & Kimbrell and James A. Dixon, Jr., Miami, for appellees.

Before BARKDULL, C. J., and HORTON and TILLMAN PEARSON, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

We are presented with an appeal from an order granting a new trial on the issue of liability only in a personal injury action. The appellant-plaintiff received a verdict of $10,000 at the hands of the jury. The trial judge granted the new trial as to liability on the following ground as set forth in his order:

'During the course of the trial, the plaintiff offered into evidence and the Court received into evidence (over defendants' objection) Section 30-35 of the Traffic Code of Metropolitan Dade County (italics supplied), which reads as follows:

"All motor vehicles shall be equipped with a mirror so located as to reflect to the driver a view to the rear of at least two hundred feet.'

'On motion for new trial, the defendants take the position that Section 30-35 is inapplicable to the operation of motor vehicles on private property and that the receipt into evidence of the subject ordinance was fatal to their defense on the liability issue. Upon reflection, this Court agrees with the defendants.

'A careful study of the traffic code discloses that 30-35 applies only to the operation of motor vehicles on the public streets and roads within Dade County.'

The trial judges has given us the benefit of an extensive opinion which we adopt as the opinion of this Court:

'A. Expressly Applicable Only to Public Streets

'By the enactment of Sections 30-33 and 30-35 the County expressly adopted the standards regulating motor vehicle mirrors prescribed by the state.

'Section 30-33 of the Metropolitan Dade County Traffic Code entitled 'Equipment on, and condition of vehicles' provides in part:

'No person shall drive or operate or knowingly permit to be driven on any street, road or highway, any private * * * vehicle:

"(a) * * *

"(b) which is not equipped with * * * mirrors, and such other parts and equipment of a vehicle, in the position, condition and adjustment meeting the requirements of the laws of the state.'

'[F.S.] Section 317.64, F.S. [A.] provides:

"Every motor vehicle which is so constructed or loaded as to obstruct the driver's view to the rear thereof, from the driver's position, shall be equipped with a mirror so located as to reflect to the driver a view of the highway for a distance of at least two hundred feet to the rear of such vehicle."

'Section 30-35 of the Metro Code reads:

"All motor vehicles shall be equipped with a mirror so located as to reflect to the driver a view to the rear of at least two hundred feet.'

'With pertinent portions of [F.S. s] 317.64 F.S. [A.] inserted (as indicated by single quotation marks) Section 30-33 of the Traffic Code would in part read:

'No person shall drive or operate or knowingly permit to be driven on any street, road or highway, any private or commercial vehicle 'which is so constructed or loaded as to obstruct the driver's view to the rear thereof, from the driver's position':

"(a) * * *

"(b) Which is not 'equipped with a mirror so located as to reflect to the driver a view of the highway for a distance of at least two hundred feet to the rear of such vehicle'.'

'B. Pari Materia Construction

'If by the omission of such words as street, roads or highway, the County Commission intended Section 30-35 to be applicable to the operation of motor vehicles on public and private streets, any reference to mirrors in Section 30-33 is superfluous. Conversely, if it was intended that Section 30-35 was to apply only to the operation of motor vehicles on private streets, then the section could have so expressly provided. The intent of Section 30-35, it can be readily seen, is of doubtful meaning.

'B(2) Rule of Statutory Construction Which Avoids Doubtful, Unreasonable or Absurd Meaning

'The Florida Supreme Court in Florida State Racing [Commission] v. McLaughlin, 102 So.2d 574, enunciated a rule of statutory construction that is helpful in the ascertainment of the intent of Section 30-35.

"It is elementary that the function of the Court is to ascertain and give effect to the legislative intent in enacting a statute.

"In applying this principle certain rules have been adopted to guide the process of judicial thinking. The first of these is that he Legislature is conclusively presumed to have a working knowledge of the English language and when a statute has been drafted in such manner as to clearly convey a specific meaning the only proper function of the Court is to effectuate this legislative intent.

"This rule is subject to the qualification that if a part of a statute appears to have a clear meaning if considered alone but when given that meaning is inconsistent with other parts of the same statute or other in pari materia, the Court will examine the entire act and those in pari materia in order to ascertain the overall legislative intent.

"When construing a particular part of a statute it is only when the language being construed in and of itself is of doubtful meaning or doubt as to its meaning is engendered by apparent inconsistency with other parts of the same or a closely related statute that any matter extrinsic the statute may be considered by the Court in arriving at the meaning of the language employed by the Legislature.

'B(2)(b) Application of Rule

'Applying this rule of construction to determine the intent of the County Commission in the enactment of Section 30-35 of the Metropolitan Code, an obvious and rational meaning results. Read in pari materia with other sections of the Code regulating the equipment and inspection of motor vehicles, it is clear that Section 30-35 applies only to motor vehicles driven or operated on public streets. Except for Section 30-35 and Section 30-19(e), which regulates windshield wipers, all other pertinent and material section of the Traffic Code which regulate the equipment and inspection of motor vehicles expressly apply to motor vehicles driven or operated on the public streets, and as to inspections the Code applies to both public streets and 'parking lot facilities owned or operated by a governmental unit' within the County.

"The pertinent sections which so expressly provide are: 30-33 (all equipment required to meet state requirements), 30-34 (mufflers), 30-99 (equipment required on...