Lasalle v. Vogel

• Decision Date: 11 June 2019
• Docket Number: G055381
• Citation: 248 Cal.Rptr.3d 263,36 Cal.App.5th 127
• Parties: Angele LASALLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Joanna T. VOGEL, Defendant and Appellant.
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

36 Cal.App.5th 127

248 Cal.Rptr.3d 263

Angele LASALLE, Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.Joanna T. VOGEL, Defendant and Appellant.

G055381

Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division 3, California.

Filed June 11, 2019

Law Offices of Dorie A. Rogers, Dorie A. Rogers and Lisa R. McCall, Orange, for Defendant and Appellant.

Law Office of Frank W. Battaile and Frank W. Battaile for Plaintiff and Respondent.

OPINION

BEDSWORTH, ACTING P. J.

Here is what Code of Civil Procedure¹ section 583.130 says: "It is the policy of the state that a plaintiff shall proceed with reasonable diligence in the prosecution of an action but that all parties shall cooperate in bringing the action to trial or other disposition." That is not complicated language. No jury instruction defining any of its terms would be necessary if we were submitting it to a panel of non-lawyers. The policy of the state is that the parties to a lawsuit "shall cooperate." Period. Full stop.

Yet the principle the section dictates has somehow become the Marie Celeste of California law – a ghost ship reported by a few hardy souls but doubted by most people familiar with the area in which it's been reported. The section's adjuration to civility and cooperation "is a custom, More honor'd in the breach than the observance."² In this case, we deal here with more evidence that our profession has come unmoored from its honorable commitment to the ideal expressed in section 583.130, and – in keeping with what has become an unfortunate tradition in California appellate law – we urge a return to the professionalism it represents.

FACTS

From 2011 to 2015, Appellant Attorney Joanna T. Vogel (Vogel) represented plaintiff/respondent Angele Lasalle (Lasalle) in the dissolution of a registered domestic partnership with Minh Tho Si Luu. Lasalle repeatedly failed to provide discovery in that case, and the court defaulted her as a terminating sanction. She said her failure to provide discovery was caused by Vogel not keeping her informed of discovery orders, so she sued Vogel for legal malpractice.

Vogel was served with the complaint on March 3, 2016. Thirty five days went by. On the 36th day, Thursday April 7, Lasalle's attorney sent Vogel a letter and an email – the content was the same – telling her that the time for a responsive pleading was "past due" and threatening to request the entry of a default against Vogel unless he received a responsive pleading by the close of business the next day, Friday April 8. Our record does not include the time of day on Thursday when either the email was sent or the letter mailed, so we cannot evaluate the chance of the letter reaching Vogel in Friday's post except to say it was slim.

Counsel did not receive any response from Vogel by 3 p.m. the following Monday, April 11. He filed a request for entry of default and emailed a copy to Vogel at 4:05 p.m. That got Vogel's attention and she emailed her request for an extension at 5:22 p.m., but by then the default was a fait accompli.

Vogel acted rather quickly now that her default had been entered. She found an attorney by Friday April 15th,³ and that attorney had a motion to set aside the default on file a week later. We quote the entirety of Lasalle's declaration in support of the set aside motion in the margin.⁴

Vogel's set-aside motion was made pursuant to those provisions of subdivision (b) of section 473 that commit the matter to the trial court's discretion in cases of "mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect." There was no "falling on the sword" affidavit of fault that might have triggered application of those provisions of section 473 requiring a set-aside when an attorney confesses fault.

In opposing relief, respondent's counsel asked the trial court to take judicial notice of state bar disciplinary proceedings against Vogel stemming from two unrelated cases, which had resulted in a stayed suspension of Vogel's license to practice. The court denied the set-aside motion in a minute order filed June 9, 2016, in which the trial judge expressly took judicial notice of Vogel's prior discipline. A year later, a default judgment was entered against Vogel for $ 1 million. She has appealed from both that judgment and the order refusing to set aside the default.

We sympathize with the court below and opposing counsel. We have all encountered dilatory tactics and know how frustrating they can be. But we cannot see this as such a situation, and cannot countenance the way this default was taken, so we reverse the judgment.

DISCUSSION

Three decades ago, our colleagues in the First District, dealing with a case they attributed to a "fit of pique between counsel," addressed this entreaty to California attorneys, "We conclude by reminding members of the Bar that their responsibilities as officers of the court include professional courtesy to the court and to opposing counsel. All too often today we see signs that the practice of law is becoming more like a business and less like a profession. We decry any such change, but the profession itself must chart its own course. The legal profession has already suffered a loss of stature and of public respect. This is more easily understood when the public perspective of the profession is shaped by cases such as this where lawyers await the slightest provocation to turn upon each other. Lawyers and judges should work to improve and enhance the rule of law, not allow a return to the law of the jungle." ( Lossing v. Superior Court (1989) 207 Cal.App.3d 635, 641, 255 Cal.Rptr. 18.)

In 1994, the Second District lambasted attorneys who were cluttering up the courts with what were essentially personal spats. In the words of a clearly exasperated Justice Gilbert, "If this case is an example, the term ‘civil procedure’ is an oxymoron." ( Green v. GTE California (1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 407, 408, 34 Cal.Rptr.2d 517.)

In 1997, another appellate court urged bench and bar to practice with more civility. "The law should not create an incentive to take the scorched earth, feet-to-the-fire attitude that is all too common in litigation today." ( Pham v. Nguyen (1997) 54 Cal.App.4th 11, 17, 62 Cal.Rptr.2d 422.)

By 2002, we had lawyers doing and saying things that would have beggared the imagination of the people who taught us how to practice law. We had a lawyer named John Heurlin who wrote to opposing counsel, "I plan on disseminating your little letter to as many referring counsel as possible, you diminutive shit." Admonishing counsel to "educate yourself about attorney liens and the work product privilege," Mr. Heurlin closed his letter with the clichéd but always popular, "See you in Court." That and other failures resulted in Mr. Heurlin being sanctioned $ 6,000 for filing a frivolous appeal and referred to the State Bar. Our court thought publishing the ugly facts of the case, which they did in DeRose v. Heurlin (2002) 100 Cal.App.4th 158, 122 Cal.Rptr.2d 630, would get the bar's attention. It didn't.

Almost a decade later, in a case called In re Marriage of Davenport (2011) 194 Cal.App.4th 1507, 1537, 125 Cal.Rptr.3d 292, the First District tried again. They said, "We close this discussion with a reminder to counsel – all counsel, regardless of practice, regardless of age – that zealous advocacy does not equate with ‘attack dog’ or ‘scorched earth,’ nor does it mean lack of civility. [Citations.] Zeal and vigor in the representation of clients are commendable. So are civility, courtesy, and cooperation. They are not mutually exclusive."

Six months later, our court said this, "Our profession is rife with cynicism, awash in incivility. Lawyers and judges of our generation spend a great deal of time lamenting the loss of a golden age when lawyers treated each other with respect and courtesy. It's time to stop talking about the problem and act on it. For decades, our profession has given lip service to civility. All we have gotten from it is tired lips. We have reluctantly concluded lips cannot do the job; teeth are required. In this case, those teeth will take the form of sanctions." We sanctioned counsel $ 10,000. ( Kim v. Westmoore Partners, Inc. (2011) 201 Cal.App.4th 267, 293, 133 Cal.Rptr.3d 774 (Kim ).)

This is not an exhaustive catalogue. Were we writing a compendium rather than an opinion, we could include keening from every state, because, "Incivility in open court infects the process of justice in many ways. It compromises the necessary public trust that the system will produce fair and just results; it negates the perception of professionalism in the legal community, and it erodes respect for all people involved in the process." ( In re Hillis (Del. 2004) 858 A.2d 317, 324.)

Courts have had to urge counsel to turn down the heat on their litigation zeitgeist far too often. And while the factual scenarios of these cases differ, they are all variations on a theme of incivility that the bench has been decrying for decades, with very little success.

It's gotten so bad the California State Bar amended the oath new attorneys take to add a civility requirement. Since 2014, new attorneys have been required to vow to treat opposing counsel with "dignity, courtesy, and integrity."

That was not done here. Dignity, courtesy, and integrity were conspicuously lacking.

We are reluctant to come down too hard on respondent's counsel or the trial court because we think the problem is not so much a personal failure as systemic one. Court and counsel below are merely indicative of the fact practitioners have become inured to this kind of practice. They have heard the mantra so often unthinkingly repeated that, "This is a business," that they have lost sight of the fact the practice of law is not a business. It is a profession. And those who practice it carry a concomitantly greater responsibility than businesspeople.

So what we review in this case is not so much a failure of court and counsel as an insidious decline in the standards of the profession that must be addressed. "The term ‘officer of ...