Lee v. Fowler

• Decision Date: 29 May 1928
• Parties: LEE v. FOWLER. FOWLER v. LEE.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

263 Mass. 440

161 N.E. 910

LEE

v.FOWLER.

FOWLER

v.LEE.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Norfolk.

May 29, 1928.

Error to and Exceptions from Superior Court, Norfolk County; Henry T. Lummus, Judge.

Action by James F. Lee against Orra A. P. Fowler wherein judgment was entered for plaintiff, and defendant brings error. Plaintiff's motion to vacate judgment was allowed, and defendant brings exceptions. Writ of error dismissed, and defendant's exceptions overruled.

W. R. Cook, of Boston, for Lee.

E. Martin, of Boston, for Fowler.

RUGG, C. J.

The facts relevant to the grounds of decision of these two cases are these: Action of tort was brought by James F. Lee, hereafter called the plaintiff, against Orra A. P. Fowler, hereafter called the defendant, to recover compensation for injuries sustained by the plaintiff because of the negligent conduct of the defendant. The case went to trial and on May 19, 1927, verdict was returned for the plaintiff, on which judgment was entered on July 5, 1927. The defendant was a minor under the age of twenty-one years, without guardian appointed by the court of probate, and no guardian ad litem was appointed for him in that action. On July 5, 1927, he filed a petition in the Supreme Judicial Court for a writ of error to reverse such judgment, assigning as error his minority without guardian to act for him. On July 6, 1927, a writ of error and writ of scire facias issued, both returnable on the first Monday of August, 1927. It does not appear when service was made upon the writ of error, but the return on the same is dated July 27, 1927. Before the date of return, namely, on July 21, 1927, the plaintiff filed in the superior court a motion to vacate the judgment under G. L. c. 250, § 14. On the same date this motion was allowed after hearing, and by order of the court the writ and declaration were amended so as to describe the defendant as a ‘minor under the age of twenty-one years,’ and a proper person was appointed and accepted appointment as guardian ad litem for the defendant, all subject to the exception of the defendant. The main ground set forth in the motion to vacate the judgment was that during all the proceedings theretofore had the defendant was a minor under the age of twenty-one years without probate guardian or guardian ad litem, that writ of error had been sued out on that ground, and that the plaintiff desired to avoid the delay incident to that proceeding. These facts in substance are recited in the return on the writ of error. After the pleadings in the writ of error were completed, that case came on for hearing and the entry was made, ‘Judgment reversed, and judgment for the defendant ordered.’ This was subject to the exception of the plaintiff.

In passing it may be observed that in no event ought judgment to have been ordered for the defendant. That was not the judgment which ought to have been rendered in the court below, because the extreme relief for the defendant would be to set aside the judgment and let the case stand for further proceedings without depriving the plaintiff of his cause of action.

The superior court had jurisdiction to entertain and act upon the plaintiff's motion to vacate the judgment after the writ of error had been sued out and before the return day thereon. By G. L. c. 250, § 14, it is provided:

‘If final judgment has been rendered in a civil action, the court in which it was entered may, within three months thereafter, if the execution has not been satisfied in whole or in part, vacate it, upon the motion in writing of the prevailing party, and dispose of the case as if it had not been entered. Such motion shall be filed in the case and, except by special order of the court, no bond shall be required.’

The terms of this section are absolute and unqualified. No exceptions are stated. Its force and validity have been recognized. Marsch v. Southern New England Railroad, 235 Mass. 304, 305, 126 N. E. 519;Davis v. National Life Ins Co., 187 Mass. 468, 479,73 N. E. 658;Barry v. New York Holding & Construction Co., 226 Mass. 14, 20, 114 N. E. 953. The facts bring the case at bar within its description. The case had gone to judgment, the plaintiff was the prevailing party, the execution was not satisfied in any part, and the motion was filed within the time specified.

The suing out of the writ of error did not deprive the superior court of jurisdiction of the original case still pending before it. The writ of error is a common-law process and procedure under it is according to the common law. It is an independent action distinct and separate from the case, judgment in which is sought to be reversed. Perkins v. Bangs, 206 Mass. 408, 412, 92 N. E. 623;Hanzes v. Flavio, 234 Mass. 320, 327, 125 N. E. 612;Commonwealth v. Marsino, 252 Mass. 224, 227, 147 N. E. 859;G. L. c. 250, § 2.

The judgment is not affected by the bringing of the writ of error unless there is also a supersedeas, but remains in full force unless and until impaired by some mandate of court entered upon the writ of error. Goodrich v. Wilson, 135 Mass. 31, 33;Duart v. Simmons, 236 Mass. 225, 227, 128 N....