Legue v. State, 61S00-9504-CR-434

• Decision Date: 04 December 1997
• Docket Number: No. 61S00-9504-CR-434,61S00-9504-CR-434
• Citation: 688 N.E.2d 408
• Parties: Kevin LEGUE, Defendant-Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana Plaintiff-Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

Page 408

688 N.E.2d 408

Kevin LEGUE, Defendant-Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana Plaintiff-Appellee.

No. 61S00-9504-CR-434.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

Dec. 4, 1997.

Jessie A. Cook, Hellmann & Cook, Terre Haute, for Defendant-Appellant.

Pamela Carter, Attorney General, Christopher L. LaFuse, Indianapolis, for Plaintiff-Appellee.

DICKSON, Justice.

The defendant, Kevin Legue, was convicted of the May, 1994, shotgun murder of Mark Sykes and the attempted kidnapping of John Bosse. The trial court ordered an aggregate sentence of one hundred and ten years, sixty years for the murder and fifty years for the attempted kidnapping, to be served consecutively. This direct appeal presents three claims: (1) ineffective assistance of counsel; (2) erroneous refusal to give an tendered instruction; and (3) improper and excessive sentence.

The defendant first contends that he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel because his defense attorney failed to request a jury instruction on the defense of voluntary intoxication. He urges that this defense was supported by evidence of his heavy drinking and resulting intoxication before the crimes. In response, the State argues that the evidence at trial did not warrant the instruction.

To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel, a defendant must demonstrate both deficient performance and resulting prejudice. He must show both that his counsel's performance was deficient, making errors so serious that the counsel was not functioning as the "counsel" guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment, and that, because of the deficiency, his convictions are fundamentally unfair or unreliable. Lockhart v. Fretwell, 506 U.S. 364, 369, 113 S.Ct. 838, 842, 122 L.Ed.2d 180, 189 (1993); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L.Ed.2d 674, 693 (1984). However, we need not determine deficient performance before examining the prejudice prong of the test. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697, 104 S.Ct. at 2069, 80 L.Ed.2d at 699. Stating, "[t]he object of an ineffectiveness claim is not to grade counsel's performance," the Court in Strickland instructs that, "[i]f it is easier to dispose of an ineffectiveness claim on the ground of lack of sufficient prejudice, which we expect will often be so, that course should be followed." Id.

The lack of an instruction on voluntary intoxication in this case did not render the convictions fundamentally unfair or unreliable. The defendant acknowledges that the voluntary intoxication defense is only available when the evidence shows that a defendant's intoxication was so great as to prevent forming the requisite intent. Gibson v. State, 516 N.E.2d 31, 33 (Ind.1987). We have stated that "a defendant should not be relieved of responsibility when he was able to devise a plan, operate equipment, instruct the behavior of others or carry out acts requiring physical skill." Miller v. State, 541 N.E.2d 260, 263 (Ind.1989).

The defendant testified that he believed he had consumed a case and a half of beer during the day before the incident and was intoxicated. However, following his shooting of Sykes, the defendant was able to reload the shotgun, check for the victim's pulse, and formulate a plan for leaving the scene of the crime in Sykes's pickup truck. He searched for keys on the victim's body, the truck dashboard, seats, and floorboard. When he could not locate the keys, he attempted to "hot wire" the truck ignition with a screwdriver. Because this evidence shows that the defendant, while arguably intoxicated, nevertheless had the ability to form the requisite intent, "he may not use the intoxication defense." Early v. State, 482 N.E.2d 256, 258 (Ind.1985). Thus, an instruction on voluntary intoxication would not have been proper even if the defendant's trial counsel had requested it and we therefore decline to find that the convictions are fundamentally unfair or unreliable. His claim of ineffective assistance of counsel fails.

The defendant's second contention is that the trial court erroneously refused his tendered instruction which would have advised the jury that "the absence of motive in a homicide case is a powerful circumstance intending to exculpate a defendant when the State's proof is entirely by circumstantial evidence." Record at 184. He argues that this instruction is a correct statement of law as set forth in German v. State, 166 Ind.App. 370, 377, 337 N.E.2d 883, 887 (1975).

A trial court erroneously refuses an instruction when: (1) the tendered instruction correctly sets out the law; (2) evidence in the record supports the giving of the instruction; and (3) the substance of the tendered instruction is not covered by the other instructions given. Griffin v. State, 644 N.E.2d 561, 562 (Ind.1994).

In German, an appeal from a conviction for involuntary manslaughter, refusal of a tendered instruction was not at issue. Rather, the case discussed the sufficiency of evidence of the defendant's intent to point a firearm at the decedent. The State conceded the absence of direct evidence and argued that intent could have been inferred from certain circumstantial evidence. Finding that the conviction could only be supported by inferences drawn from other inferences, the court reversed it, concluding that the evidence only raised a mere suspicion of guilt. The court's subsequent comments regarding the absence of motive merely supplemented its reasoning on the issue of evidence sufficiency. While jury instructions may properly derive from...