Malbrough v. Crown Equipment Corp.

• Decision Date: 23 November 2004
• Docket Number: No. 04-30118.,04-30118.
• Citation: 392 F.3d 135
• Parties: Trudy MALBROUGH, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CROWN EQUIPMENT CORP., Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

392 F.3d 135

Trudy MALBROUGH, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CROWN EQUIPMENT CORP., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 04-30118.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

November 23, 2004.

Michael Scott Harper (argued), Harper Law Firm, Lafayette, LA, for Plaintiff-Appellee.

Timothy J. McNamara, Onebane Law Firm, Lafayette, LA, Thomas J. Cullen (argued), Goodell, DeVries, Leech & Dann, Baltimore, MD, for Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.

Before GARWOOD, JOLLY and BARKSDALE, Circuit Judges.

E. GRADY JOLLY, Circuit Judge:

Trudy Malbrough suffered a crippling injury while operating a forklift manufactured by Crown Equipment Corporation. She brought suit against Crown under the Louisiana Products Liability Act ("LPLA") alleging a defect in the design of the forklift. Crown filed a motion in limine to exclude Malbrough's expert witness on the design defect issue. The district court granted the motion to exclude, but denied Crown's motion for summary judgment.

Crown received permission from the district court to appeal the interlocutory order denying summary judgment. We granted leave to appeal, under our authority under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b). Having reviewed the issue raised in Crown's petition, we find no reversible error and therefore AFFIRM.

I

Trudy Malbrough was injured while operating a Crown "stand-up" forklift at the Wal-Mart warehouse distribution center where she worked. The injury occurred when Malbrough, in an effort to avoid a collision with another forklift, applied her brakes, causing her left foot to swing out of the unenclosed operator compartment and be crushed between the two machines as they collided.

Malbrough brought suit against Crown under the LPLA, claiming that the lack of a door to the operator compartment of the stand-up forklift constitutes a design defect. Malbrough intended to present expert testimony on the design defect issue at trial, but the district court granted Crown's motion in limine to exclude her expert witness "due to [Malbrough]'s... failure to timely meet discovery deadlines". Crown then moved for summary judgment, arguing that the LPLA requires expert testimony in order to make out a prima facie case of defective design. The district court, however, denied Crown's motion, concluding that an unassisted trier-of-fact would be capable of understanding whether a door should have been incorporated into the forklift.

Crown filed a motion for reconsideration, or in the alternative, to appeal the denial of its motion for summary judgment. The district court denied the motion for reconsideration, but granted permission to appeal. In its order, the district court observed that "Crown's motion for summary judgment involves a `controlling question of law'", but did not specify the precise legal question it was certifying for interlocutory review. This court nonetheless granted Crown's petition for leave to appeal from the district court's interlocutory order denying summary judgment.

II

We review the denial of summary judgment de novo. Walker v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 853 F.2d 355, 358 (5th Cir.1988). We emphasize, however, the limited scope of our review. This court's appellate jurisdiction under § 1292(b) extends only to interlocutory orders that involve a "controlling question of law". The underlying issue of whether Malbrough has presented sufficient evidence to show a "genuine issue ... [of] material fact", and thus avoid summary judgment under Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c), is not a question of law within the meaning of § 1292(b). See Ahrenholz v. Board of Trustees of University of Illinois, 219 F.3d 674, 676-77 (7th Cir.2000). As such, although the district court's order granted Crown general permission to "appeal the denial of ... summary judgment", our review is limited to the narrow question of statutory interpretation raised by Crown in both its brief before us and its memorandum in support of the motion for summary judgment.

Crown asserts that the controlling question of law in this case is whether "[t]he Louisiana Products Liability Act requires Plaintiff to put forth expert testimony in support of her design defect claim against Crown". Put more precisely as a purely legal question, Crown's argument is that, as a matter of statutory interpretation, the LPLA requires expert testimony in every instance in which a design defect is alleged. We are unable to agree.

First, and most significantly, the plain language of the LPLA does not support Crown's position. The LPLA requires that a plaintiff advancing a design defect claim show, inter alia, that "[t]he likelihood that the product's design would cause the claimant's damage and the gravity of that damage outweighed the burden on...