Marriage of Goldstein, In re

• Decision Date: 25 June 1981
• Docket Number: No. 80-958,80-958
• Citation: 53 Ill.Dec. 397,97 Ill.App.3d 1023,423 N.E.2d 1201
• Parties: , 53 Ill.Dec. 397 In re MARRIAGE OF Mitchell GOLDSTEIN, Petitioner-Appellee, and Gayle Goldstein, Respondent-Appellant.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 1201

423 N.E.2d 1201

97 Ill.App.3d 1023, 53 Ill.Dec. 397

In re MARRIAGE OF Mitchell GOLDSTEIN, Petitioner-Appellee,

and

Gayle Goldstein, Respondent-Appellant.

No. 80-958.

Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, Fourth Division.

June 25, 1981.

Rehearing Denied July 14, 1981.

David I. Grund, Robert M. Knabe, Chicago (Idrienne L. Heymann, Chicago, of counsel), for respondent-appellant.

Ambrose & Cushing, Chicago (John C. Ambrose, Chicago, of counsel), for petitioner-appellee.

JOHNSON, Justice:

Appellant Gayle Goldstein is the respondent in a petition for dissolution of marriage (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 40, par. 401 et seq.). After a protracted trial, a judgment for dissolution was entered March 21, 1980. Respondent was awarded maintenance of $200 per month for 12 months, $395.88 as petitioner's share of an outstanding debt, and $750 for attorney's fees. Respondent appeals attacking the subject matter jurisdiction of the circuit court and claiming error in the court's determination of marital property. Respondent was not allowed to give evidence of the parties' premarital cohabitation and her financial support of the petitioner while he was a student. Respondent asks that this court characterize the petitioner's increased earning potential derived from his medical degree as marital property.

We affirm.

Mitchell and Gayle Goldstein were married on May 1, 1977. At that time Mitchell was a student at the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine. Gayle was employed as a teacher in Northbrook, Illinois. Mitchell was not employed. In 1978, Mitchell graduated. He applied for an internship at the Osteopathic Hospital in Miami, Florida. He was accepted, and in July 1978 Mitchell and Gayle moved to Florida. On August 31, 1978, Mitchell moved out of their leased apartment in Florida. Gayle, having resigned her teaching post in Northbrook, Illinois, had to seek employment in Florida. Mitchell leased another apartment and began his one-year internship.

During that period, on October 18, 1978, Mitchell filed, in the circuit court of Cook County, a petition for dissolution of the marriage. On December 1, 1978, Gayle responded to the petition and filed a counter-petition for legal separation. On February 9, 1979, Gayle filed a petition for temporary maintenance on the grounds that she was unemployed. She was awarded temporary maintenance of $300 per month. In May 1979, Gayle returned to Illinois. In June 1979, Mitchell returned to Illinois to begin a residency at Chicago Osteopathic Hospital.

The trial on the petition for dissolution began on November 8, 1979. Respondent challenged the jurisdiction of the court. Respondent said that the petitioner was not domiciled in Illinois. It was the intent of the petitioner and respondent to purchase a home and reside in Florida. Respondent claimed they had moved "lock, stock and barrel" to Florida in 1978. Petitioner denied this and introduced evidence of a driver's license and automobile insurance as manifesting his intent to retain an Illinois domicile. After the hearing in November, the court ruled that it had proper jurisdiction.

At the hearings on January 2 and February 27, 1980, respondent attempted to introduce evidence of premarital cohabitation. Respondent claimed that she had supported petitioner while he was in medical school. The extent of support was contradicted by the petitioner. He claimed that his parents had paid his tuition, bought his medical books, and paid his living expenses from the time he began medical school in 1974. He estimated that his parents had spent $40,000. Moreover, petitioner claimed to have maintained an apartment near his medical school.

On February 27, 1980, after the parties had filed affidavits of their assets, debts, present income and living expenses, the court held a hearing on marital property. It was determined that the Goldsteins had no real property. Personalty consisting of a car, furniture and household effects were all in the possession of the respondent. The bank account was depleted.

The court ruled that the respondent had not met the burden of proof required to overcome the statutory presumption against maintenance. But, the court awarded respondent limited maintenance of $200 per month for a one-year period. The court further required the petitioner to pay one-half of a Visa credit card debt which respondent stated had been used for living expenses when they settled in Florida. And, the court awarded respondent $750 toward her attorney's fees. Judgment was entered on March 21, 1980. Respondent appealed.

Respondent contends the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because the parties were not domiciled in Illinois. Domicile is defined as the place where a person has his true, permanent home to which he intends to return whenever he is absent. (Schultz v. Chicago City Bank & Trust Co. (1943), 384 Ill. 148, 156, 51 N.E.2d 140, 144.) The question of domicile is largely one of intention, and to establish a new domicile a person must physically move to a new home and live there with the intention of making it his permanent home. Keck v. Keck (1974), 56 Ill.2d 508, 514, 309 N.E.2d 217, 220.

In the petition for dissolution, petitioner alleged that he was presently residing in Cook County, Illinois, and had resided in the State of Illinois for more than 20 years prior to the date of the petition. Further, the parties were married in Illinois. In her counter-petition, respondent alleged that she was presently residing in Cook County, Illinois, had resided in the State of Illinois for more than 20 years prior to the date of the filing of the counter-petition, that the marriage had taken place in Lake County, Illinois, and that at commencement of this action the parties were domiciled in Illinois.

The evidence shows that the parties went to Florida because the petitioner had been accepted for an internship at the Osteopathic Hospital in Miami, Florida. Though respondent claims that they moved "lock, stock and barrel" to Florida, this is not unexpected inasmuch as the only assets of the parties consisted of their household furnishings.

Of paramount importance in determining whether a given place is or is not one's residence is the intent of that person to live there as his permanent home. (Green v. Green (1976), 41 Ill.App.3d 154, 159, 354 N.E.2d 661, 667.) Whether or not a party has abandoned one residence in favor of another in a different jurisdiction is a question of fact.

The court found that the parties had been life-long residents of Illinois. Petitioner returned to Illinois after completing his internship. Respondent returned to Illinois, leased an apartment and obtained employment. Moreover, both parties had alleged in their petitions that they were Illinois residents. It cannot be argued that the trial court's finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Green, at 160, 354 N.E.2d 661.

Respondent seeks an award of property including the increased potential derived from petitioner's medical degree and an award of maintenance. In Illinois, the term "property" has been defined as a word of the very broadest import, connoting any tangible or intangible res which might be made the subject of ownership. (In re Marriage of Hunt (1979), 78 Ill.App.3d 653, 662, 34 Ill.Dec. 55, 62, 397 N.E.2d 511, 518.) Section 503 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 40, par. 503) requires that marital property be divided in just proportion between the spouses. (Hunt, at 666, 34 Ill.Dec. 55, 397 N.E.2d 511.) Just proportion, however, does not mean that marital property be divided 50-50. (See In re Marriage of Stallings (1979), 75 Ill.App.3d 96, 100, 30 Ill.Dec. 718, 720, 393 N.E.2d 1065, 1067.) Factors which the trial court should consider when dividing marital property are the value of the property set apart to each spouse, the economic circumstances of each spouse when the division of property is to become effective, and the reasonable opportunity of each spouse to receive income in the future. Hunt, 78 Ill.App.3d at 667, 34 Ill.Dec. 55, 397 N.E.2d 511.

Respondent seeks to categorize as marital property the increased potential derived from petitioner's medical degree. No Illinois court has ruled on the question of whether future earning capacity flowing from an education can be considered a marital asset and divided by the court in a dissolution of marriage proceeding.

The court in In re Marriage of Graham (Colo.1978), 574 P.2d 75, 77, held that an educational degree is simply not encompassed by the broad views of the concept of "property." The degree does not have an exchange value or any objective transferable value on an open market. It terminates on the death of the holder and is not inheritable. The Graham court characterized the degree as an intellectual achievement that may potentially assist in the future acquisition of property, but it has none of the attributes of property in the usual sense of the term. Graham, at 77.

Respondent relies on cases from other jurisdictions, In re Marriage of Horstmann (Iowa 1978), 263 N.W.2d 885, and Daniels v. Daniels (1961), 120 Ohio App.2d 458, 185 N.E.2d 773, where future earning capacity flowing from a degree was a determination in the distribution of assets and property. These cases are factually distinguishable from our case. Both involved marriages that had endured for 7 or more years; both involved a wife without formal education who had worked and supported the family; and the parties in both cases had children. Neither case treated an educational degree as property capable of being divided.

Respondent states that Illinois has recognized greater future earning potential as an asset to be taken into account when dividing marital property and cites In re Marriage of Smith (1979), 77 Ill.App.3d 858, 33 Ill.Dec. 332, 396 N.E.2d 859. But, Smith is distinguishable in that the reasonable potential earning...